Milady: Chapter 5: Infection Control: Principles and Practices: Glossary exam questions with 100% correct answers

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Abbreviated AIDS; a disease that breaks down the body's immune system. AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Acquired Immunity Immunity that the body develops after overcoming a disease, through inculcation (such as flu vaccinations), or through exposure to natural allergies such as pollen, cat dander, and ragweed. Allergy Reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods, chemicals, or other normally harmless substances. Antiseptics Chemical germicides formulated for USE ON SKIN, registered and regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Asymptomatic Showing no symptoms of sign of infection. Autoclave A device for sterilization by steam under pressure. Bacilli Short rod-shaped bacteria. They are the most common bacteria and produce diseases such as tetanus (lockjaw), typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria. Bacteria (Singular: Bacterium) One-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics. Some are harmful; some are harmless. Bactericidal Capable of destroying bacteria. Binary Fisson The DIVISION of bacteria cells into two new cells called daughter cells. Bioburden The number of viable organisms in or on an object or surface or the organic material on a surface or object before decontamination or sterilization. Bloodborne Pathogens Disease-causing microorganisms carried in the body by blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV. Body Substance Isolation Abbreviated BSI; a system of precautions developed by a Seattle hospital in 1987 to prevent contact with bodily substances and fluids by using protective apparel to prevent the spread of communicable disease. Chelating Soaps Also known as chelating detergents; detergents that break down stubborn films and remove the residue of products such as scrubs, salts, and masks. Clean Also known as cleaning; a mechanical process (scrubbing) using soap and water or detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, and many disease-causing germs. Cleaning also removes invisible debris the interferes with disinfection. Cocci Round-shaped bacteria that appear singly (alone), or in groups. The three types of cocci are staphylococci, and diplococci. Contagious Disease Also known as communicable disease; a disease that is spread from one person to another person. Some of the more contagious disease are the common cold, ringworm, conjunctivitis (pinkeye), viral infections, and natural nail or toe and foot infections. Contamination The presence, or the reasonably anticipated presence, of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface or visible debris or residues such as dust, hair, and skin. Cross-Contamination Contamination that occurs when you touch one object and then transfer the contents of that object to another, such as touching skin, then touching a product without washing your hands. Decontamination The removal of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface and the removal of visible debris debris or residue such as dust, hair, and skin. Dermatophytes A type of fungi that causes skin, hair, and nail infections. Diagnosis Determination of the nature of disease from it symptoms and/or diagnostic tests. Federal regulation prohibit salon professionals from performing a diagnosis. Diplococci Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia. Direct Transmisson Transmission of blood or body fluids through touching (including shaking hands), kissing, coughing, sneezing, and talking. Disease An abnormal condition of all or part of the body, or its systems or organs, that makes the body incapable of carrying on normal function. Disinfectants Chemical products that destroy all bacteria, fungi, and viruses (but not spores) on surfaces. Disinfection Also known as disinfecting; the process that eliminates most, but not necessarily all, microorganisms on nonporous surfaces. This process is not effective against bacterial spores. Efficacy The ability to produce an effect. Exposure Incident Contact with nonintact (broken) skin, blood, body fluid, or other potentially infectious materials that is the result of the performance of an employee's duties. Flagella Also known as cilia; slender, hair-like extensions used by bacilli and spirilla for locomotion (moving about). Folliculities Also known as folliculitis barbae, sycosis barbae, or barber's itch. Inflammation in the hair follicles caused by a bacterial infection from ingrown hairs.The cause is typically from ingrown hairs due to shaving or other epilation methods. Fungi (singular: fungus) Microscopic plant parasites, which include molds, mildews, and yeasts; can produce contagious diseases such as ringworm. Fungicidal Capable of destroying fungi. Hepatitis A bloodborne virus that causes disease and can damage the liver. Hospital Disinfectants Disinfectants that are effective for cleaning blood and body fluids.