Drugs to know for HESI
What vitamin should a pregnant pt. not take - ANSVitamin A
What should be monitored when pt. is on digoxin - ANSPotassium
What are signs of digoxin toxicity - ANSYellow vision and bradycardia are the first signs; has a
narrow therapeutic range
What medications should be avoided if pt. is taking levodopa - ANSIt can counter act the
benefits. Levodopa activates dopamine with FGA blockers dopamine receptors.
What are some adverse effects of baclofen - ANSCNS depression; avoid driving when taking
medication. Drowsiness, headache, abdominal pain, V/D, and urinary retention
Adverse Effects of Thiazide Diuretics - ANSDehydration, electrolyte loss, Steven-Johnson
Syndrome, N/V/D, acute angle glaucoma, myopia, and photosensitivity
What are lasix diuretics used for and what is the prototype? - ANSTo reduce hypertension,
edema due to Heart Failure, hepatic impairment, and renal disease. Prototype: Furosemide
What are some adverse effects of furosemide? - ANSDehydration, electrolyte loss, blurred
vision, headache, dizziness, hearing loss, and anorexia
What are some common side effects on opioids? - ANSconstipation, urinary retention,
respiratory depression, confusion, and sedation. Triad: Pen pain pupils, respiratory depression,
and decrease loc.
Non aspirin NSAID common side effects? - ANSGI bleeding, anaphylaxis, hepatitis, and steven
- Johnson syndrome. Ibuprofen, celebrex, and naprosyn
Acetaminophen side effects and high risk findings - ANSHepatotoxicity, N/V/D, sweating and
abdominal pain. Do not drink when taking medication because it can increase the risk if GI
bleeding
What pt. should never be given aspirin? - ANSChildren, pt. with chicken pox, or the flu. Children
can develop Reye's syndrome which is swelling of the liver and brain.
Major adverse effects of aspirin? - ANSUlcer in GI, thin blood, bleeding and bruising, Tinnitus is
a sign of toxicity
,What is aspirin used for? - ANSTreating chronic inflammation, fever, mild to moderate pain, MI,
and can help protect from thrombic disorders
What is glaucoma and what is the most common type? - ANSGlaucoma is increased pressure in
the eye that takes away peripheral vision. The most common is Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
How does Timodolol help glaucoma? - ANSIt helps decrease IOP by reducing production of
aqueous humor and helps maintain and normal pressure. ** Should not be given to an asthma
pt. because it is non selective**
Medication used for Conjunctivitis - ANSAntihistamines, NSAIDs, and steroids.
What are some s/s of conjunctivitis? - ANSBurning, itching, watery eyes
What medications are used to treat facial acne? - ANSAntibiotics(tetracycline), and sometimes a
potassium sparing diuretic because it has hormonal properties as well. A form of Vitamin A is
also used.
What medications are administered to help treat psoriasis? - ANSSteroids, immune
depressants, and vitamin A and D.
What drugs are used on the skin? - ANSSteroids creams but not for long term use
What can happen if steroid creams are used too long? - ANSIt can thin the skin and cause
spider veins, and stretch marks.
How should a nurse apply a steroid cream? - ANSapply a thin layer on the skin...never apply a
band aid!
Medication for Otitis Media and restrictions? - ANSAntibiotics but they are only given to children
younger than 6 months old. Usually a pain medication is prescribed but they most important
thing is to vaccinate children for flu and strep
What does M.O.N.A stand for? - ANSMorphine, oxygen, nitroglycerin, and aspirin
what medication is administered in MI to help preload and after load? - ANSNitroglycerin
What are the adverse effects of non selective beta blockers - ANSWheezing, AV block,
hypotension
Beta 1- heart
Beta 2 - lungs
, What does all First Generation antipsychotics and Second generation drugs have in common
with elderly pt.? - ANSIt can increase the risk if mortality in older pt. with dementia related to
psychosis
What drug is used to manage MS symptoms - ANSBacolfen and muscle relaxers
What are 3 basic goals of pre administration assessment? - ANS1. Baseline
2. Level of self care
3. identifying high risk pt.
Define Pharmacokinetics - ANSThe study of drug movement throughout the body
What are the 4 pharmacokinetic processes? - ANS1. Absorption
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion
variables that affect absorption? - ANSSolubility and stability of the drug, gastrointestinal pH,
gastric emptying time, food in gut, coadministration of other drugs, and special coating on drugs
What is the first pass effect? - ANSIt only effects oral medications but it is when a drug can be
completely inactive on its first pass through the liver. There are no therapeutic effects that occur
What organ excites most drugs? - ANSThe renal system aka the kidney
Protein Binding and drugs - ANSSome drugs have a high protein binding percentage and
therefore the drug will bind to plasma albumin. Since albumin can't leave the bloodstream the
drug that is bound won't leave either. Drugs compete with protein binding and toxicity can result
is plasma levels rise
Define pharmacodynamics - ANSThe study of biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs and
the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are produced.
What does potency mean? - ANSThe lowest dosage to achieve effect
What are some adverse effects of oral contraceptives? - ANSThromboembolism, pancreatitis,
amenorrhea, break through bleeding, and weight change
What are calcium channel blockers used for and what are the common ones? - ANSVery Nice
Drugs- Verapamil, nifedine, and diltiazem. Used for hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac
dysrhythmia. -dipine
What dietary restriction is there with cardiac drugs?
Hint: Juice - ANSDo not take medication with grapefruit juice
What vitamin should a pregnant pt. not take - ANSVitamin A
What should be monitored when pt. is on digoxin - ANSPotassium
What are signs of digoxin toxicity - ANSYellow vision and bradycardia are the first signs; has a
narrow therapeutic range
What medications should be avoided if pt. is taking levodopa - ANSIt can counter act the
benefits. Levodopa activates dopamine with FGA blockers dopamine receptors.
What are some adverse effects of baclofen - ANSCNS depression; avoid driving when taking
medication. Drowsiness, headache, abdominal pain, V/D, and urinary retention
Adverse Effects of Thiazide Diuretics - ANSDehydration, electrolyte loss, Steven-Johnson
Syndrome, N/V/D, acute angle glaucoma, myopia, and photosensitivity
What are lasix diuretics used for and what is the prototype? - ANSTo reduce hypertension,
edema due to Heart Failure, hepatic impairment, and renal disease. Prototype: Furosemide
What are some adverse effects of furosemide? - ANSDehydration, electrolyte loss, blurred
vision, headache, dizziness, hearing loss, and anorexia
What are some common side effects on opioids? - ANSconstipation, urinary retention,
respiratory depression, confusion, and sedation. Triad: Pen pain pupils, respiratory depression,
and decrease loc.
Non aspirin NSAID common side effects? - ANSGI bleeding, anaphylaxis, hepatitis, and steven
- Johnson syndrome. Ibuprofen, celebrex, and naprosyn
Acetaminophen side effects and high risk findings - ANSHepatotoxicity, N/V/D, sweating and
abdominal pain. Do not drink when taking medication because it can increase the risk if GI
bleeding
What pt. should never be given aspirin? - ANSChildren, pt. with chicken pox, or the flu. Children
can develop Reye's syndrome which is swelling of the liver and brain.
Major adverse effects of aspirin? - ANSUlcer in GI, thin blood, bleeding and bruising, Tinnitus is
a sign of toxicity
,What is aspirin used for? - ANSTreating chronic inflammation, fever, mild to moderate pain, MI,
and can help protect from thrombic disorders
What is glaucoma and what is the most common type? - ANSGlaucoma is increased pressure in
the eye that takes away peripheral vision. The most common is Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
How does Timodolol help glaucoma? - ANSIt helps decrease IOP by reducing production of
aqueous humor and helps maintain and normal pressure. ** Should not be given to an asthma
pt. because it is non selective**
Medication used for Conjunctivitis - ANSAntihistamines, NSAIDs, and steroids.
What are some s/s of conjunctivitis? - ANSBurning, itching, watery eyes
What medications are used to treat facial acne? - ANSAntibiotics(tetracycline), and sometimes a
potassium sparing diuretic because it has hormonal properties as well. A form of Vitamin A is
also used.
What medications are administered to help treat psoriasis? - ANSSteroids, immune
depressants, and vitamin A and D.
What drugs are used on the skin? - ANSSteroids creams but not for long term use
What can happen if steroid creams are used too long? - ANSIt can thin the skin and cause
spider veins, and stretch marks.
How should a nurse apply a steroid cream? - ANSapply a thin layer on the skin...never apply a
band aid!
Medication for Otitis Media and restrictions? - ANSAntibiotics but they are only given to children
younger than 6 months old. Usually a pain medication is prescribed but they most important
thing is to vaccinate children for flu and strep
What does M.O.N.A stand for? - ANSMorphine, oxygen, nitroglycerin, and aspirin
what medication is administered in MI to help preload and after load? - ANSNitroglycerin
What are the adverse effects of non selective beta blockers - ANSWheezing, AV block,
hypotension
Beta 1- heart
Beta 2 - lungs
, What does all First Generation antipsychotics and Second generation drugs have in common
with elderly pt.? - ANSIt can increase the risk if mortality in older pt. with dementia related to
psychosis
What drug is used to manage MS symptoms - ANSBacolfen and muscle relaxers
What are 3 basic goals of pre administration assessment? - ANS1. Baseline
2. Level of self care
3. identifying high risk pt.
Define Pharmacokinetics - ANSThe study of drug movement throughout the body
What are the 4 pharmacokinetic processes? - ANS1. Absorption
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion
variables that affect absorption? - ANSSolubility and stability of the drug, gastrointestinal pH,
gastric emptying time, food in gut, coadministration of other drugs, and special coating on drugs
What is the first pass effect? - ANSIt only effects oral medications but it is when a drug can be
completely inactive on its first pass through the liver. There are no therapeutic effects that occur
What organ excites most drugs? - ANSThe renal system aka the kidney
Protein Binding and drugs - ANSSome drugs have a high protein binding percentage and
therefore the drug will bind to plasma albumin. Since albumin can't leave the bloodstream the
drug that is bound won't leave either. Drugs compete with protein binding and toxicity can result
is plasma levels rise
Define pharmacodynamics - ANSThe study of biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs and
the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are produced.
What does potency mean? - ANSThe lowest dosage to achieve effect
What are some adverse effects of oral contraceptives? - ANSThromboembolism, pancreatitis,
amenorrhea, break through bleeding, and weight change
What are calcium channel blockers used for and what are the common ones? - ANSVery Nice
Drugs- Verapamil, nifedine, and diltiazem. Used for hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac
dysrhythmia. -dipine
What dietary restriction is there with cardiac drugs?
Hint: Juice - ANSDo not take medication with grapefruit juice
