Nursing Process 3 exam 2 Questions With 100% Correct Answers 2024

Nursing Process 3 exam 2 Questions With 100% Correct Answers 2024 What role does genetics play in breast cancer? - answerCertain genes can make you more likely to develop breast cancer, such as the BRCA1 gene on chromosome 17 and the BRCA2 gene on chromosome 13. HER1 and HER2 have also been associated with breast cancer. Breast cancer is usually passed on the mother's side of the family. What are some modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for breast cancer? - answerModifiable: unhealthy BMI, regular exercise, avoid tobacco use, limit alcohol consumption, limit hormone therapy. Nonmodifiable: age, gender (women are more likely to get it, however, men can get it too), family and personal hx, previous chest irradiation (usually from other types of cancer like lymphoma), early onset of menstruation or late menopause, nulliparity or primiparity after age 30. Early detection is key! What is some prevention education for breast cancer? - answerExplaining the affects of alcohol and tobacco on cancer, explaining the need to maintain a healthy body weight and engaging in physical activity, and explaining the importance of screening for early detection. What are some clinical manifestations of breast cancer? - answerAsymptomatic, nontender breast lump, skin changes, nipple changes (discharge, retraction), skin dimpling. What are some diagnostic tests and findings associated with breast cancer? - answerMammogram, ultrasound, MRI, percutaneous needle biopsy. Usually a mammogram and ultrasound will be used to find a mass in the breast tissue, an MRI will be used to assess for metastases in other areas (i.e. spine, lungs, liver), and biopsy will be used to test for cancer cells and lymph node invasion. Differentiate between a radical, simple, modified radical and axillary mode dissection surgery with breast cancer. - answerRadical mastectomy: removal of the entire affected breast, the underlying chest muscles, and the lymph nodes under the arms. Simple mastectomy: removal of affected breast only. Modified radical: removal of breast tissue and lymph nodes (axillary mode dissection), but underlying chest muscles are left intact. What are some pharmacological therapies associated with breast cancer? What are the nursing implications with these medications? - answerHormone therapy is used when estrogen receptors are found in the tumor. Hormone therapy blocks the production of estrogen, helping to shrink the tumor and/or keep the cancer from coming back by cutting off its "food" supply. Targeted therapy may be used to counteract specific genetic mutations that promote cancer group (such as monoclonal antibody drugs). Chemotherapy is used to shrink tumors, prolong patient's life, and help them remain cancer- free longer. What role does radiation therapy play in breast cancer treatment? - answerRadiation therapy is usually used after surgery to destroy any remaining cancer cells that could cause recurrence or metastasis. Palliative radiation is also used to treat chest wall recurrences and bone metastases to help control pain and prevent fractures. What are some nursing interventions to promote optimal circulation in breast cancer? - answer1. Encourage ROM exercises on the affected arm to help develop collateral drainage. 2. Explain that lymphedema massage and an elastic compression bandage may help control swelling. 3. When obtaining BP and starting IVs, use nonsurgical side to decrease the likelihood of developing lymphedema on the affected side. You also will not get a good BP reading if lymph nodes were removed. 4. Elevate affect arm higher than the shoulder on a pillow, but don't abduct it. This permits drainage, prevents swelling, and promotes circulation. What are some modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for prostate cancer? - answerNonmodifiable: age, race (AA men at highest risk), and family hx Modifiable: obesity and diet (dairy foods and processed meats increase risk) How can prostate cancer be prevented? - answerThere is research occurring on preventative medications, screening methods are individualized. Average risk: age 50; high risk: age 45; higher risk: age 40 Review risks vs benefits of screening What are some clinical manifestations associated with prostate cancer? - answerEarly stage is often asymptomatic Pain from bone metastasis is usually first symptom report