CHEM 1005 Unit 3 Exam Questions & Answers 100% Correct!

When does fatty acid oxidation occur? - ANSWERSWhen glucagon is high and insulin is low What does fatty acid oxidation do? - ANSWERSIt is a high energy yielding process that can support cellular needs in fasting and when excess energy is needed. How are free fatty acids used to produce ATP? - ANSWERSFFAs are shuttled into the mitochondria and are activated to acyl CoA derivatives, or fatty acyl CoA. These derivatives are transported across the outer mitochondrial membrane. They are then attached to carnitine to form acyl carnitine, which is retransported to the mitochondria and is recycled back into the intermembrane space where fatty acyl CoA can undergo the process of beta oxidation. Carnitine palmitoyl transferases I and II - ANSWERSThe enzymes that transport acyl CoA derivatives across the outer mitochondrial membrane. Carnitine palmitoyl transferase I is inhibited by malonyl CoA. Carnitine - ANSWERSCarnitine is a cofactor in the use of free fatty acids to generate ATP. It is recycled in the process and serves as an attachment point for acyl CoA derivatives once they have been transported across the outer mitochondrial membrane. What is the series of enzymes in beta oxidation? - ANSWERSDehydrogenase, hydrolase, dehydrogenase, thiolase. What are the products of beta oxidation? - ANSWERSNADH, FADH2, acetyl CoA How do the products of beta oxidation generate ATP? - ANSWERSAcetyl CoA allosterically activates pyruvate carboxylase, which is used in gluconeogenesis. NADH and FADH2 will go through the ETC to produce ATP. Acetyl CoA is also used in the process of ketogenesis. Oxidation of odd chain fatty acids will result in the production of propionyl CoA for use in the TCA cycle. ATP also is required for gluconeogenesis and the urea cycle, making beta oxidation a major component of those processes since it can generate large amounts of ATP. How is beta oxidation primarily regulated? - ANSWERSBeta oxidation is primarily regulated at the level of transport of long chain fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane. Cytosolic levels of malonyl CoA inhibits carnitine palmitoyl transferase I to prevent fatty acid synthesis and beta oxidation don't occur simultaneously.