Cambridge International AS & A Level
* 9 1 0 9 8 9 9 0 7 4 *
PSYCHOLOGY 9990/22
Paper 2 Research Methods May/June 2023
1 hour 30 minutes
You must answer on the question paper.
You will need: Ruler
INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 60.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
This document has 12 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.
DC (EF/SG) 318180/2
© UCLES 2023 [Turn over
, 2
Section A
Answer all questions in this section.
1 From the study by Yamamoto et al. (chimpanzee helping):
Suggest why it was necessary for the chimpanzees to examine and manipulate the tools before
the experiment.
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................... [2]
2 Chloë is conducting a study to investigate classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Her aim
is to test which type of conditioning produces the fastest learning.
(a) Write a non‑directional (two‑tailed) hypothesis for Chloë’s study.
You do not need to operationalise the variables in your hypothesis.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Chloë’s results in the two conditions were the same.
Explain why Chloë must reject her non‑directional hypothesis, referring to her variables in
your answer.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
© UCLES 2023 9990/22/M/J/23
, 3
3 The study by Schachter and Singer investigated two factors in emotion.
(a) The participants in this study were deceived.
(i) Outline one way that the participants were deceived in this study.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Explain why the deception that you outlined in (a)(i) was necessary.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Schachter and Singer reported that in one condition, the observer could not hear the spoken
reactions for one participant.
State one practical reason why this was a problem.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
© UCLES 2023 9990/22/M/J/23 [Turn over
* 9 1 0 9 8 9 9 0 7 4 *
PSYCHOLOGY 9990/22
Paper 2 Research Methods May/June 2023
1 hour 30 minutes
You must answer on the question paper.
You will need: Ruler
INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 60.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
This document has 12 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.
DC (EF/SG) 318180/2
© UCLES 2023 [Turn over
, 2
Section A
Answer all questions in this section.
1 From the study by Yamamoto et al. (chimpanzee helping):
Suggest why it was necessary for the chimpanzees to examine and manipulate the tools before
the experiment.
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................... [2]
2 Chloë is conducting a study to investigate classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Her aim
is to test which type of conditioning produces the fastest learning.
(a) Write a non‑directional (two‑tailed) hypothesis for Chloë’s study.
You do not need to operationalise the variables in your hypothesis.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Chloë’s results in the two conditions were the same.
Explain why Chloë must reject her non‑directional hypothesis, referring to her variables in
your answer.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
© UCLES 2023 9990/22/M/J/23
, 3
3 The study by Schachter and Singer investigated two factors in emotion.
(a) The participants in this study were deceived.
(i) Outline one way that the participants were deceived in this study.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Explain why the deception that you outlined in (a)(i) was necessary.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Schachter and Singer reported that in one condition, the observer could not hear the spoken
reactions for one participant.
State one practical reason why this was a problem.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
© UCLES 2023 9990/22/M/J/23 [Turn over
