UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS100%

A blood calcium (Ca++) greater than 10.5mg/dL - ANSWERS-Hypercalcemia .A serum sodium level less than 135 mEq/L - ANSWERS-Hyponatremia .Aging decreases percent of total body weight? - ANSWERS-true .All of the following are considered to be the first line of defense except for: - ANSWERS-responding to a vaccine with the production of antibodies .An inverse logarithmic expression of hydrogen ion (H+) concentration - ANSWERS-pH scale .Any chemical that resists changes in the hydrogen (H+) concentration - ANSWERS-Buffer .As a group, these chemicals attract phagocytic cells to an inflamed site? - ANSWERS-Chemotaxis factors .Bone metastases with calcium resorption from breast, prostate, renal, and cervical cancer - ANSWERS-Hypercalcemia .By definition, any condition that lasts longer than six weeks in duration? - ANSWERS-Chronic .Calcium (Ca++) is necessary for? - ANSWERS-structure of dentin in teeth, normal blood clotting, and transmission of nerve impulses .Examples of this fluid would be synovial fluid and aqueous humor - ANSWERS-Transcelluar fluid .Excellular fluid is on the outside? - ANSWERS-True .Excess interstitial fluid - ANSWERS-Edema .HCO3 Bi-carb tells us what the kidneys are doing (metabolic component) a normal HCO3 is - ANSWERS-22-26 .Hemorrhage would be an example of? - ANSWERS-Isotonic loss .High phosphate - ANSWERS-Hyperphosphatemia .Hormone from the posterior pituitary gland that conserves water through the kidneys - ANSWERS-ADH .If the amount of bicarbonate ion (HCO3) decreases: - ANSWERS-hydrogen ion (H+) will increase .In which compartment is most of the body water found? - ANSWERS-Intracellular fluid .Inadequate intestinal absorption, deposition of ionized calcium into bone or soft tissue, blood administration - ANSWERS-Hypocalcemia .Infants have less total body water than do adults? - ANSWERS-False .Intracellular fluid is on the inside and amounts to what % of fluid - ANSWERS-65% .Low phosphate - ANSWERS-Hypophosphatemia .Macroscopic signs of inflammation include: - ANSWERS-erythema (redness), pain, and loss of function .Necessary for high energy bonds located in creatine phosphate and ATP and acts as an anion buffer - ANSWERS-Phosphate .Oxygen pO2 is oxygen dissolved in the blood a normal pO2 is - ANSWERS-80-100 but preferred 02 is 90-100 .pCO2 tells us about the respiratory component a normal CO2 is - ANSWERS-35-45 .Pediatrics total body weight is - ANSWERS-75%-80% .Potassium balance is described by changes in plasma potassium levels - ANSWERS-Hypokalemia .Regulates intracellular electrical neutrality in relation to Na+ and H+ - ANSWERS-Potassium .The _____ releases and synthesized numerous inflammatory mediators upon injury? - ANSWERS-Mast cell .The immediate response of blood vessels to injury? - ANSWERS-Vasoconstriction .The normal blood pH range is? - ANSWERS-7.35-7.45 .The primary extracellular anion - ANSWERS-Chloride .The primary Extracellular fluid anion? - ANSWERS-Chloride .The primary Extracellular fluid cation? - ANSWERS-sodium .The primary intracellular cation is? - ANSWERS-Potassium