Health Assessment Exam 1
*Assessment* - /n*Assessment* is the collection of subjective and objective data about a patient's health.
*Subjective data* - /n*Subjective data* consist of information provided by the affected individual.
*Objective data* - /n*Objective data* include information obtained by the health care provider through physical assessment, the patient's record, and laboratory studies.
*The database* - /nThe *database* is the totality of information available about the patient. The purpose of assessment is to make a judgment or diagnosis.
*Diagnostic reasoning* - /n*Diagnostic reasoning* is the process of analyzing health data and drawing conclusions to identify diagnoses.
Diagnostic reasoning has which four major components? - /n*Diagnostic reasoning* has
which four major components?
(1) *Attending to* initially available *cues*, which are pieces of information, signs, symptoms, or laboratory data; (2) *Formulating diagnostic hypotheses*, which are tentative explanations for a cue or a set of cues and can serve as a basis for further investigation;
(3) *Gathering data* relative to the tentative hypotheses; (4) *evaluating each hypothesis* with the new data collected, which leads to a final diagnosis.
The *nursing process* includes which six phases? - /nThe *nursing process* includes which six phases?
(1) *assessment*, (2) *diagnosis*, (3) *outcome identification*,
(4) *planning*,
(5) *implementation*, and
(6) *evaluation*.
It is a dynamic, interactive process in which practitioners move back and forth within the
steps.
The *novice nurse* - /nThe *novice nurse* has no experience with specific patient populations and uses rules to guide performance.
The *experienced nurse* - /nThe *experienced nurse* understands a patient situation as
a whole rather than as a list of tasks, attends to an assessment data pattern, and acts without consciously labeling it. *Critical thinking* - /n*Critical thinking* is the multidimensional thinking process needed for sound diagnostic reasoning and clinical judgment. Seventeen critical thinking skills have been identified, including *setting priorities.*
*First-level priority problems* - /n*First-level priority problems* are emergent, life-
threatening, and immediate, such as establishing an airway or supporting breathing.
*Second-level priority problems* - /n*Second-level priority problems* are next in urgency. They require prompt intervention to prevent deterioration, and may include a mental status change or acute pain.
*Third-level priority problems* - /n*Third-level priority problems* are important to the patient's health, but can be addressed after more urgent problems. Examples include lack of knowledge or family coping.
Evidence-based practice - /nEvidence-based practice is a systematic approach to practice that uses the *best evidence,* the *clinician's experience,* and the *patient's preferences and values* to make decisions about care and treatment.
Every examiner needs to collect *four kinds of databases* based on the situation. What are the four kinds of databases? - /nEvery examiner needs to collect *four kinds of databases* based on the situation. What are the four kinds of databases?
(1) A *complete (or total health) database* includes a complete health history and a full physical examination.
(2) A *focused (or problem-centered) database* is used for a limited or short-term problem. It is smaller in scope and more targeted than the complete database.
(3) A *follow-up database* evaluates the status of any identified problem at regular intervals to follow up on short-term or chronic health problems.
(4) An *emergency database* calls for rapid collection of data, which commonly occurs while performing lifesaving measures.
The *biomedical model* - /nThe *biomedical model* of Western medicine views health as the absence of disease. It focuses on collecting data on biophysical signs and symptoms and on curing disease.
The *holistic health model* - /nThe *holistic health model* assesses the whole person because it views the mind, body, and spirit as interdependent and functioning as a whole within the environment. Health depends on all these factors working together.
The concept of health also includes health promotion and disease prevention. - /n...
Health assessment also should consider what two other factors? - /nHealth assessment
also should consider what two other factors? (1) The usual and expected *developmental tasks* for each age group (2) the *cultural beliefs and practices* of different people. Obtaining a heritage assessment helps gather data that are accurate and meaningful and can guide culturally sensitive and appropriate care.
According to the biomedical model, a narrow definition of health is:
A) an optimal functioning of mind, body, and spirit within the environment.
B) the absence of disease.
C) the response of the whole person to actual or potential problems.
D) prevention of disease. - /nAccording to the biomedical model, a narrow definition of health is:
A) an optimal functioning of mind, body, and spirit within the environment.
Feedback: INCORRECT
Nursing has an expanded concept of health; holistic health includes the mind, body, and
spirit as interdependent and functioning as a whole within the environment.
*B) the absence of disease.*
*Feedback: CORRECT*
From a biomedical perspective, health is defined as the absence of disease or elimination of symptoms and signs of disease.
C) the response of the whole person to actual or potential problems.
Feedback: INCORRECT
Nursing diagnoses are clinical judgments about a person's response to an actual or potential health state.
D) prevention of disease.
Feedback: INCORRECT
Health promotion and disease prevention are important aspects of nursing's concept of health.
What type of data base is most appropriate when a rapid collection of data is required and often compiled concurrently with life-saving measures?
A) Episodic
B) Follow-up
C) Emergency
D) Complete - /nWhat type of data base is most appropriate when a rapid collection of data is required and often compiled concurrently with life-saving measures?
A) Episodic
Feedback: INCORRECT
An episodic database is for a limited or short-term problem; this database concerns mainly one problem, one cue complex, or one body system. B) Follow-up
Feedback: INCORRECT
A follow-up database is used to follow-up short-term or chronic health problems; the statuses of identified problems are evaluated at regular and appropriate intervals.
*C) Emergency*
*Feedback: CORRECT*
An emergency database is rapid collection of the data often obtained concurrently with lifesaving measures.
D) Complete
Feedback: INCORRECT
A complete database includes a complete health history and a full physical examination;
it describes the current and past health state and forms a baseline against which all future changes can be measured.
A medical diagnosis is used to evaluate:
A) a person's state of health.
B) the response of the whole person to actual or potential health problems.
C) a person's culture.
D) the cause of disease. - /nA medical diagnosis is used to evaluate:
A) a person's state of health.
Feedback: INCORRECT
Nursing diagnoses are clinical judgments about a person's response to an actual or potential health state.
B) the response of the whole person to actual or potential health problems.
Feedback: INCORRECT
Nursing diagnoses are used to evaluate the response of the whole person to actual or potential health problems.
C) a person's culture.
Feedback: INCORRECT
Holistic model of health care is used in nursing, and culture is an important factor to consider in a nursing assessment.
*D) the cause of disease.*
*Feedback: CORRECT*
Medical diagnoses are used to evaluate the etiology (cause) of disease.
An example of subjective data is:
A) decreased range of motion.
B) crepitation in the left knee joint.
*Assessment* - /n*Assessment* is the collection of subjective and objective data about a patient's health.
*Subjective data* - /n*Subjective data* consist of information provided by the affected individual.
*Objective data* - /n*Objective data* include information obtained by the health care provider through physical assessment, the patient's record, and laboratory studies.
*The database* - /nThe *database* is the totality of information available about the patient. The purpose of assessment is to make a judgment or diagnosis.
*Diagnostic reasoning* - /n*Diagnostic reasoning* is the process of analyzing health data and drawing conclusions to identify diagnoses.
Diagnostic reasoning has which four major components? - /n*Diagnostic reasoning* has
which four major components?
(1) *Attending to* initially available *cues*, which are pieces of information, signs, symptoms, or laboratory data; (2) *Formulating diagnostic hypotheses*, which are tentative explanations for a cue or a set of cues and can serve as a basis for further investigation;
(3) *Gathering data* relative to the tentative hypotheses; (4) *evaluating each hypothesis* with the new data collected, which leads to a final diagnosis.
The *nursing process* includes which six phases? - /nThe *nursing process* includes which six phases?
(1) *assessment*, (2) *diagnosis*, (3) *outcome identification*,
(4) *planning*,
(5) *implementation*, and
(6) *evaluation*.
It is a dynamic, interactive process in which practitioners move back and forth within the
steps.
The *novice nurse* - /nThe *novice nurse* has no experience with specific patient populations and uses rules to guide performance.
The *experienced nurse* - /nThe *experienced nurse* understands a patient situation as
a whole rather than as a list of tasks, attends to an assessment data pattern, and acts without consciously labeling it. *Critical thinking* - /n*Critical thinking* is the multidimensional thinking process needed for sound diagnostic reasoning and clinical judgment. Seventeen critical thinking skills have been identified, including *setting priorities.*
*First-level priority problems* - /n*First-level priority problems* are emergent, life-
threatening, and immediate, such as establishing an airway or supporting breathing.
*Second-level priority problems* - /n*Second-level priority problems* are next in urgency. They require prompt intervention to prevent deterioration, and may include a mental status change or acute pain.
*Third-level priority problems* - /n*Third-level priority problems* are important to the patient's health, but can be addressed after more urgent problems. Examples include lack of knowledge or family coping.
Evidence-based practice - /nEvidence-based practice is a systematic approach to practice that uses the *best evidence,* the *clinician's experience,* and the *patient's preferences and values* to make decisions about care and treatment.
Every examiner needs to collect *four kinds of databases* based on the situation. What are the four kinds of databases? - /nEvery examiner needs to collect *four kinds of databases* based on the situation. What are the four kinds of databases?
(1) A *complete (or total health) database* includes a complete health history and a full physical examination.
(2) A *focused (or problem-centered) database* is used for a limited or short-term problem. It is smaller in scope and more targeted than the complete database.
(3) A *follow-up database* evaluates the status of any identified problem at regular intervals to follow up on short-term or chronic health problems.
(4) An *emergency database* calls for rapid collection of data, which commonly occurs while performing lifesaving measures.
The *biomedical model* - /nThe *biomedical model* of Western medicine views health as the absence of disease. It focuses on collecting data on biophysical signs and symptoms and on curing disease.
The *holistic health model* - /nThe *holistic health model* assesses the whole person because it views the mind, body, and spirit as interdependent and functioning as a whole within the environment. Health depends on all these factors working together.
The concept of health also includes health promotion and disease prevention. - /n...
Health assessment also should consider what two other factors? - /nHealth assessment
also should consider what two other factors? (1) The usual and expected *developmental tasks* for each age group (2) the *cultural beliefs and practices* of different people. Obtaining a heritage assessment helps gather data that are accurate and meaningful and can guide culturally sensitive and appropriate care.
According to the biomedical model, a narrow definition of health is:
A) an optimal functioning of mind, body, and spirit within the environment.
B) the absence of disease.
C) the response of the whole person to actual or potential problems.
D) prevention of disease. - /nAccording to the biomedical model, a narrow definition of health is:
A) an optimal functioning of mind, body, and spirit within the environment.
Feedback: INCORRECT
Nursing has an expanded concept of health; holistic health includes the mind, body, and
spirit as interdependent and functioning as a whole within the environment.
*B) the absence of disease.*
*Feedback: CORRECT*
From a biomedical perspective, health is defined as the absence of disease or elimination of symptoms and signs of disease.
C) the response of the whole person to actual or potential problems.
Feedback: INCORRECT
Nursing diagnoses are clinical judgments about a person's response to an actual or potential health state.
D) prevention of disease.
Feedback: INCORRECT
Health promotion and disease prevention are important aspects of nursing's concept of health.
What type of data base is most appropriate when a rapid collection of data is required and often compiled concurrently with life-saving measures?
A) Episodic
B) Follow-up
C) Emergency
D) Complete - /nWhat type of data base is most appropriate when a rapid collection of data is required and often compiled concurrently with life-saving measures?
A) Episodic
Feedback: INCORRECT
An episodic database is for a limited or short-term problem; this database concerns mainly one problem, one cue complex, or one body system. B) Follow-up
Feedback: INCORRECT
A follow-up database is used to follow-up short-term or chronic health problems; the statuses of identified problems are evaluated at regular and appropriate intervals.
*C) Emergency*
*Feedback: CORRECT*
An emergency database is rapid collection of the data often obtained concurrently with lifesaving measures.
D) Complete
Feedback: INCORRECT
A complete database includes a complete health history and a full physical examination;
it describes the current and past health state and forms a baseline against which all future changes can be measured.
A medical diagnosis is used to evaluate:
A) a person's state of health.
B) the response of the whole person to actual or potential health problems.
C) a person's culture.
D) the cause of disease. - /nA medical diagnosis is used to evaluate:
A) a person's state of health.
Feedback: INCORRECT
Nursing diagnoses are clinical judgments about a person's response to an actual or potential health state.
B) the response of the whole person to actual or potential health problems.
Feedback: INCORRECT
Nursing diagnoses are used to evaluate the response of the whole person to actual or potential health problems.
C) a person's culture.
Feedback: INCORRECT
Holistic model of health care is used in nursing, and culture is an important factor to consider in a nursing assessment.
*D) the cause of disease.*
*Feedback: CORRECT*
Medical diagnoses are used to evaluate the etiology (cause) of disease.
An example of subjective data is:
A) decreased range of motion.
B) crepitation in the left knee joint.
