PSYC 375 - Brain and Behaviour Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers

PSYC 375 - Brain and Behaviour Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers which glial cell contributes to the formation of tight junctions? - answerastrocytes COncentration gradients = __________ energy - answerpotential Which transmembrane proteins use energy? - answerPUMPS!! ex. sodium potassium pump - actively transports a substance across the membrane (against its concentration gradient) Which transmembrane proteins DO NOT use energy? - answer1. Channels - always open 2. Gated channels - requires a trigger to open Polar molecules _________ pass through phospholipid bilayer UNLESS other proteins help = _____________. - answercannot facilitated diffusion (proteins have a HYDROPHILLIC pore so polar molcules can pass through) Small nonpolar molecules _______ pass through the phospholipid bilayer with ease = ___________. - answercan diffusion The only thing that can pass through the phospholipid cell membrane is ______________, this is because the inside of the membrane is ___________. - answersmall, nonpolar molecules nonpolar (FATTY ACID TAILS!) If a sensory cell only detects sensory stimuli, it is a ___________. - answersensory receptor ex. rod If a sensory cell only carries sensory stimuli, it is a ___________. - answersensory neuron ex. bipolar cell ________ (sensory) neurons = a neurons has a cell body at the top and a long process (called a neurite because we cant distinguish an axon or dendrite) Sensory neurons are usually the most simple = unipolar - answerUnipolar ________ neurons have an axon and dendrite extending from both sides of the cell body. - answerBipolar ___________ neurons - has 2 sets of dendrites, ones at top are called apical dendrites, ones at bottom are called basal dendrites Cortical neurons, interneurons - answerPyramidal __________ neurons - exclusively found in cerebellum , major output cells of cerebellum to other parts of brain - flat and 2d - answerPurkinje The very first 20-60 micrometers of the axon is the ______________. It is the ____________. - answeraxon initial segment signal integration centre If a sensory cell detects and carries sensory stimuli, it is a ___________. - answersensory neuron who made up the "neuron theory?" - answercajal spaniard - nervous system is made up of discrete units called NEURONS ___________ is the collection of nuclei below the white matter of the cortex. - answerbasal ganglia REMEMBER THAT THE BASAL GANGLIA IS A SUBCORTICAL STRUCTURE!! ________ synthesize polypeptide chains. - answerribosomes ______________ folds up polypeptide chains into proteins. - answerendoplasmic reticulum ____________ packages proteins up for transport. - answergolgi body ____________ act as "tracts" in the cell membrane where vesicles lay and are transported - answermicrotubules ______________ provide structure to the cell membrane. - answermicrofilaments _____________ includes everything from nucleus to membrane (incluidng membranes). - answercytoplasm ________ includes only the fluid gel part in the cell-membrane - answercytosol What are teh 3 macromolecules we talk about? - answer- carbohydrates (cell fuel) - proteins (cell function and structure) - nucleic acids (DNA + RNA = transmission of hereditary info) DNA is made up of __________ held together by _________. - answer2 polynucleotide chains hydrogen bonds What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? - answer1. 5 carbon sugar 2. phosphate group 3. nitrogenous base (A,C,T/U,G) ___________ are the monomers (building blocks) of nucleic acids. - answernucleotides 2 __________ are needed to make a nucleic acid. - answerpolynucleotide chains ________ are the monomers of polypeptide chains (polymer). - answeramino acids 3 parts of a amino acid - answeramino group, carboxyl group, R group (only thing that changes) _____________ are folded up polypeptide chains. - answerproteins who made up the "nerve-net hyopothesis?" - answergolgi - used a golgi stain - says that neuron system is an interconnected network of fibers _________ reasoning = specific to general. - answerinductive ________ reasoning = using many individual observations to make a generalization (forming a hypothesis) - answerinductive _______ reasoning = general to specific - answerdeductive ________ reasoning = starts with a general idea (hypothesis) and then applies to specific observation. - answerinductive If you use observations to make a hypothesis last, you are using __________ reasoning. - answerinductive If you use a hypothesis to make a specific observation, you are using __________ reasoning. - answerdeductive Every time you go see your dentist on a friday, he is dressed in jeans rather than dress pants. You hypothesize that Friday's are "casual fridays." = _________ reasoning. - answerinductive You aer told that by a friend "all dental offices observe casual Fridays." To test this hypothesis, you start making phone calles to all the dental offices (generalizing) in your city to ask the receptionist about "casual Fridays." = __________ reasoning. - answerdeductive The _______ regulates movement force. - answerbasal ganglia _______ is the multidisciplinary study of the brain. - answerneuroscience What is the multidisciplinary study of the brain called? - answerneuroscience What disciplines are involved in the study of the brain (neuroscience)? - answer-Anatomy - Chemistry - Physics - Physiology _________________ has influences on psychological functioning, sociology and economics. - answerNeuroscience Neuroscience has influences on ____________, _________, and _________. - answerpsychological functioning, sociology and economics Why do we study brain and behaviour? - answer- to gain an understanding of how the brain is organized to produce behaviour