CDRE Nephrology Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers

CDRE Nephrology Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers What are the 4 main functions of the kidneys? - answer- filter water and waste from the blood to form urine - They keep every substance at the right level, i.e water, Na, K, Ca etc. - Help control blood pressure - Help make red blood cells The kidneys are made up of a million tiny __________ - answernephrons Each nephron has a microscopic filter called the __________________ which takes water and waste out of the blood. The water and waste then pass through tiny __________ which remove the water and form urine - answerglomerulus tubules ________ _________ _________ is characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function over time. Includes conditions that damage your kidneys and decrease their ability to keep you healthy - answerChronic kidney disease True or False: Symptoms of CKD may not be seen until the kidneys are badly damaged? - answerTrue What are the 2 main causes of CKD? - answer1. Diabetes 2. High blood pressure Healthy eating is important with CKD because healthy eating can help do the following.... - meet your nutritional needs to prevent malnutrition - decrease the _______________ on your kidneys to help maintain their function - Control the build up of food _________ like _________ - reduce symptoms like nausea, itching and ________ ________ in your mouth - help maintain a healthy weight and prevent _________ loss - Prevent infection - Help control high ________ _________ - answer-workload - wastes, urea - Bad taste - muscle - blood sugar True or false: There is a specific diet recommended to all patients with CKD? - answerFalse -there is not a specific diet that works for everyone - Depends on age, nutritional needs, medical history etc. Name the 6 macro/micronutrients that need to be considered by those with CKD - answer1. Protein 2. Potassium 3. Sodium 4. Phosphorus 5. Calcium 6. Vitamin D Why do patients with CKD need to be aware of how much protein they eat? - answerToo much protein can be an issue because when protein is broken down it forms a waste called urea - if too much is in the blood d/t poor kidney function it causes tiredness, nausea, bad taste in the mouth, headaches To little protein = weight/muscle loss, poor infection fighting, lack of energy True or False: In the early stages of CKD you may need to limit your protein intake, if you start dialysis you may need to eat more protein than before, especially if on peritoneal dialysis - answerTrue With CKD ___________ intake should be limited because this can affect your body fluids and blood pressure - answerNa Healthy kidneys keeps the level of ________ in your body at the right amount. If the kidneys aren't working properly _______ can build up in your blood causing fluid retention and high blood pressure - answerSodium