Praxis reading, language arts, and science (5007) Exam Questions with Answers 2024 Graded A

phoneme - the smallest unit of sound. Example: Hat has 3 phonemes 'h', 'a', 't'. Grapheme - A letter or a number of letters that represent a sound (phoneme) in a word. *Grapheme is written when a phoneme is said* Decoding - taking apart the sounds in words and blending sounds together. Encoding (reading) - the process of hearing a sound and being able to write a symbol to represent that sound. Encoding the word 'strip': /s/ /t/ /r/ /i/ /p/ Letter-Sound Relationships - phonics Phonological Awareness - encompasses letter sounds as well as syllables, rhymes, onsets and rimes. Some experts also include phonics under the phonological awareness umbrella. Example: 'Book' Syllables: (/book/), Onsets and Rimes: (/b/ and /ook/) Phonemes: (/b/ and /oo/ and /k/) Morphemes - smallest unit of sound Syllable - The part of a word that contains one vowel sound. Example: 'eating' has two syllables eat/ing compound word - Two or more words combined to create a new or more specific word. Example: 'Homework' Home and work Onset-rime - Onset is the beginning sound. The rime is the rest of the word, from the vowel on. Example: 'cat' C- is the onset at- is the rime consonant - anything that is not a vowel. Phonics - matching the sounds of spoken English with individual letters or groups of letters. Example: the sound k can be spelled as c, k, ck or ch. Example: when a child is taught the sounds for the letters t, p, a and s, they can start to build up the words: "tap", "taps", "pat", "pats" and "sat". Word recognition - The ability to recognize the words quickly, effortlessly and automatically. Letter-Sound Correspondence - The matching of an oral sound to its corresponding letter or group of letters. Example: a teacher is showing Jerome the letter "b" and asking him what picture begins with this letter. She has the student name what the picture is, such as a bag, and then say what letter the picture begins with orthographic patterns - example: "bolt" sounds like "colt" but starts with /b/ multisyllabic - having more than one syllable Affixes - prefixes and suffixes Prefixes - is a group of letters placed before the root of a word. Example: Unhappy Prefix is un-