OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 22: Respiratory System Infections

OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 22: Respiratory System Infections * = Correct answer Multiple Choice 1. Which passageway connects the nasopharynx to the middle ear? A. eustachian tube* B. nasal cavity C. oropharynx D. sinus cavity 2. Which described the palatine tonsils? A. connective and muscular tissue within the nasopharynx B. connective and muscular tissue within the oropharynx C. lymphoid tissue within the nasopharynx D. lymphoid tissue within the oropharynx* 3. Within the respiratory tract, where are oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged? A. alveoli* B. bronchi C. bronchioles D. trachea 4. Rhinitis is an inflammation of which component of the respiratory system? A. nasal passages* B. oropharynx C. sinuses D. tonsils 5. Symptoms of the common cold do not include which one of the following? A. coughing B. headache C. high fever* D. runny nose 6. Antigenic shift caused a severe influenza pandemic, the “Spanish flu,” during which years? A. 1908–1909 B. 1918–1919* C. 1955–1956 D. 2006–2007 7. Which is the most effective way to reduce the risk of influenza transmission? A. amantadine B. annual vaccination* C. oseltamivir D. tetracycline 8. FluMist is which of the follow A. inactivated flu treatment B. inactivated flu vaccine C. live attenuated flu treatment D. live attenuated flu vaccine* 9. Which of the following groups of viruses is not known to be a frequent cause of the common cold? A. adenoviruses B. coronaviruses C. parainfluenza viruses* D. rhinoviruses 10. The mucociliary escalator effect helps to do which of the following? A. localize microbes in specific parts of the respiratory tract, enhancing the immune response against them and reducing the risk that they will be exhaled B. move air through the respiratory tract C. move pathogens deeper into the respiratory tract, where macrophages can engulf them D. remove pathogens from the respiratory tract, eliminating microbes from the lower respiratory tract, and inhibiting pathogen attachment* 11. Which of the following is not part of the immune defense of the upper respiratory system? A. alveolar macrophages* B. defensins C. lysozyme D. secreted IgA antibodies in mucus 12. When the alveoli become fluid filled in pneumonia, the affected areas are called which of the following? A. a pneumonitis B. a pneumothorax C. consolidations* D. inflammations 13. Which microbe causes streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat)? A. S. aureus B. S. epidermidis C. S. pyogenes* D. S. typhimurium 14. Streptokinase is a protein that is responsible for which of the following? A. dissolving blood clots* B. forming blood clots C. forming erythrogenic toxin D. inhibiting the spread of streptococcal bacteria 15. Which of the following is an example of one of the sequelae of strep throat? A. acute glomerulonephritis* B. high fever C. red tonsils D. scarlet fever 16. Based on the carbohydrate antigens in its cell wall, Streptococcus pyogenes is classified within which Lancefield group? A. A (the group A strep)* B. B (the group B strep) C. C (the group C strep) D. D (the group D strep) 17. Otitis media with effusion is distinguished from other forms of otitis media by the presence of which of the following? A. a high fever B. an inflamed tympanic membrane C. fluid within the middle ear* D. pharyngeal abscesses 18. Against which lower respiratory infection does vaccination with PCV13 protect? A. diphtheria B. mycoplasma pneumonia C. pneumococcal pneumonia* D. tuberculosis 19. Common cold viruses can often be differentiated from influenza by which of the following? A. absence of a high fever* B. absence of aches and pains C. absence of lower respiratory symptoms D. occurrence of headaches 20. Which of the following groups of viruses is not known to be a frequent cause of the common cold? A. adenoviruses B. coronaviruses C. parainfluenza viruses* D. rhinoviruses 21. Which of the following is not a fungus? A. Blastomyces dermatitidis B. Mucor spp. C. Mycoplasma pneumoniae* D. Rhizopus arrhizus 22. Which virus is teratogenic, meaning that pregnant women must be especially cautious in avoiding this virus? A. measles B. mumps C. rubella* D. varicella 23. Measles causes primarily which of the following? A. a skin rash and associated symptoms* B. muscle paralysis and weakness C. swelling of the parotid glands, giving a swollen appearance D. teratogenic effects 24. Which is an important sign used to diagnose measles? A. a butterfly rash B. a scratchy, inflamed throat C. Koplik’s spots* D. pus-filled lesions in the pharynx 25. Which of the following describes how rubella is transmitted? A. primarily through aerosols produced by infected individuals* B. primarily through contact with fomites touched by infected individuals C. only through contaminated body fluids, such as blood D. only through direct contact with infected individuals 26. German measles is another name for which disease? A. mumps B. rubella* C. rubeola D. shingles 27. Which virus becomes dormant in dorsal ganglia after infection? A. the common cold virus B. the influenza virus C. the rubella virus D. the varicella-zoster virus* 28. Influenza transmission between adults is most effectively prevented by which of the following? A. a complete influenza vaccination series in childhood B. annual vaccination of adults* C. use of prophylactic antiviral medications D. use of prophylactic supportive treatment 29. Why is Cryptococcus neoformans especially capable of avoiding destruction by the immune system? A. Their cells have a protective capsule.* B. Their cells have an unusual cell membrane structure that resists attack. C. Their cells thrive within alveolar macrophages. D. They produce chemicals that neutralize antibodies.