NUR 221 Exam 3 Diabetes Pathophysiology and Management Questions With Verified Answers

NUR 221 Exam 3 Diabetes Pathophysiology and Management Questions With Verified Answers diabetes is a disorder of... - answercarbohydrate metabolism insulin deficiency = - answertype 1 diabetes resistant to action of insulin = - answertype 2 diabetes measure of blood sugar management over 3 months, helps determine hyperglycemia - answerHbA1c fasting blood glucose above 126 mmcl/L for 2 separate tests - answersustained hyperglycemia sustained hyperglycemia HbA1c = - answer6.5% Three P's of diabetes = - answerpolydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria always hungry - answerpolyphagia why do patients with diabetes experience polyphagia - answerglucose cannot get into the cells develops during childhood or adolescence, and symptom onset is relatively abrupt - answertype 1 diabetes type 1 diabetes' primary etiology is... - answerdestruction of pancreatic beta cells due to autoimmune process Most prevalent form of diabetes Accounts for 90% to 95% of all cases of diabetes - answertype 2 diabetes Insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion Hyperinsulinemia - answertype 2 diabetes too much insulin in the blood because it is not being used - answerhyperinsulinemia what does it mean when we say type 2 diabetes is "family associated"? - answerfamilies tend to eat the same foods and have the same lifestyle what are the short-term complications of diabetes? (3) - answerhyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia (from treatment) what are some long-term complications of diabetes? - answerheart disease, hypertension, hyperglycemia, kidney disease, stroke, and altered lipid metabolism microvascular damage due to diabetes: (2) - answerretinopathy and nephropathy T/F: erectile dysfunction can be caused by high blood sugar - answertrue hemoglobin A1c - answercan be used to diagnose diabetes Tests based on glucose: - - - - answer- Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test - Casual plasma glucose test - Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) prediabetes is impaired fasting plasma glucose between _____ and _____ mg/dL - answer100 and 125 what is important with the treatment of diabetes? - answertight control of blood glucose levels, also controlling blood pressure and blood lipids Requires a comprehensive plan Integrated program of diet, self-monitoring of blood glucose, exercise, and insulin replacement - answertreatment of type 1 diabetes indicate which foods have a greater effect on blood sugar - answerglycemic index T/F: substituting high-glycemic-load foods for lower-glycemic-load foods may modestly improve glycemic control - answerfalse, substitute low for higher-glycemic foods what is they key treatment for type 1 diabetes? - answerinsulin replacement what can reduce the risk of diabetic nephropathy? - answeran ACE inhibitor (lisinopril) or an ARB (losartan) what can be used for dyslipidemia (imbalance of lipids such as cholesterol) related to type 1 diabetes? - answerstatins (e.g. atorvastatin) Type 2 Diabetes Glycemic Control With: - - - answer-Modified diet and physical activity -Drug therapy (such as Metformin) what is the most common drug for type 2 diabetes? - answermetformin what should type 2 diabetes patients be screened for? - answerHTN, nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and dyslipidemia what are the common target values for blood glucose? - answer70 to 130 mg/dL before meals and 100 to 140 mg/dL at bedtime Also called glycosylated hemoglobin or glycated hemoglobin Provides an index of average glucose levels over the prior 2 to 3 months - answerhemoglobin A1c what is a good hemoglobin A1c goal for a diabetic patient? - answerbelow 7% what is an appropriate A1c goal for a patient with a limited life expectancy, advanced microvascular or microvascular complications, and/or a history of severe hypoglycemia? - answerbelow 8% Types of Insulin: - - - - - answer- short duration: rapid acting - short duration: slower acting - intermediate duration - long duration short duration slower acting = - answerregular insulin examples of short duration rapid acting insulin: (2) - answerinsulin lisper (Humalog) and insulin aspart (NovoLog) -log = - answershort duration rapid acting insulin which type of insulin has a sliding scale? - answershort duration rapid acting