RESUME URBAN LAND
USE & MOBILITY
All notes of the lectures + PowerPoints + obligatory literature
LEERJAAR 2
RUIMTELIJKE ORDENING & PLANOLOGIE
2023-2024
,Inhoud
Resume Urban Land Use & Mobility Week 1.1 Urbanisation and Growth Models.................................2
Resume Urban Land Use & Mobility Week 1.2 Key concepts of mobility...............................................5
Resume Urban Land Use & Mobility Week 2.1 Suburbanisation & Mobility..........................................8
Resume Urban Land Use & Mobility Week 2.2 Transit Oriented Development (TOD)..........................11
Resume Urban Land Use & Mobility Week 3.1 Public Transport Connections......................................13
Resume Urban Land Use & Mobility Week 3.2 Node Development.....................................................17
Resume Urban Land Use & Mobility Week 4.1 Sustainable Mobility....................................................19
Resume Urban Land Use & Mobility Week 4.2 Smart Mobility............................................................21
Resume Urban Land Use & Mobility Week 5.1 Mobility & parking policy in area development..........22
Resume Urban Land Use & Mobility Week 5.2 National Dutch policy – an historic overview..............24
Resume Urban Land Use & Mobility Week 6.1 Guest Lecture Bicycle policy........................................26
Resume Urban Land Use & Mobility Week 7.1 Urban development and mobility in the Netherlands –
future trends and developments..........................................................................................................27
Obligatory literature.............................................................................................................................30
Integrating Land Use Planning and Urban Transport for Low Carbon Cities.....................................30
Transportation and land use.............................................................................................................33
Urban Mobility in the Smart City Age...............................................................................................34
1
,Resume Urban Land Use & Mobility Week 1.1 Urbanisation and
Growth Models
Part 1. Urbanisation
Urbanisation as a characteristic of a country or region
(= % of people living in urban areas)
Urbanisation as a process
(= % of population moving from rural to urban areas per time unit)
Which factors caused urbanisation?
Economic opportunities - Industrialisation
Attraction & more services (city-culture, education, housing, health services etc)
Social mobility (opportunities for better paid jobs)
Modernization in agriculture: lesser labour force needed in rural areas
Bad circumstances in rural areas (unpredictable conditions like drought, flood, pestilence)
Political reasons (e.g. conflicts), political refugees
Part 2. Urban Growth Models
Concentric Zone Model – Burgess
The model assumes a relationship between social-economic status and distance from the CBD.
2
, Sector Model – Hoyt
Sector model - a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around
a series of sectors, or wedges radiating out from the central business district (CBD) and centered on
major transportation lines.
• Also known as the Hoyt Model. Developed in 1939 by land economist Homer Hoyt.
• He said that a city develops in a series of sectors, not rings.
• Different areas attract different activities by chance or by environmental factors.
• As the city grows, activities within it grow outward in a wedge shape from the CBD.
CBD- central business district, the area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered. It is
also called the central activities district. In North America, it is called “downtown.” In Chicago, it
would be the area closest to the lake, most notably Michigan Avenue.
Industry
• Industry follows rivers, canals, railroads, or
roads
• Lower class workers work here. Paid little,
bad working conditions.
• Produces goods or other domestic products
for city
Low Class Residential
• Low income housing
• Near railroads that feed factories or
• Inhabitants tend to work in factories
• Live near industry to reduce transportation costs
• Pollution or poor environmental conditions due to industry (traffic, noise and pollution make it
cheap)
Middle Class Residential
• More desirable area because it is further from industry and pollution
• Access to transportation lines for working people who work in the CBD, making transport easier
• Largest residential area
High Class Residential
• Housing on outermost edge
• Furthest away from industry
• Quiet, clean, less traffic
• Corridor or spine extending from CBD to edge has best housing.
Where it does and doesn’t apply (some weaknesses)
• Applies well to Chicago
• Low cost housing is near industry and transportation proving Hoyt’s model
• Theory based on 20th century and does not take into account cars which make commerce (handel)
easier
• With cars, people can live anywhere and further from the city and still travel to the CBD using their
car. Not only do high-class residents have cars, but also middle and lower class people may have cars.
3
USE & MOBILITY
All notes of the lectures + PowerPoints + obligatory literature
LEERJAAR 2
RUIMTELIJKE ORDENING & PLANOLOGIE
2023-2024
,Inhoud
Resume Urban Land Use & Mobility Week 1.1 Urbanisation and Growth Models.................................2
Resume Urban Land Use & Mobility Week 1.2 Key concepts of mobility...............................................5
Resume Urban Land Use & Mobility Week 2.1 Suburbanisation & Mobility..........................................8
Resume Urban Land Use & Mobility Week 2.2 Transit Oriented Development (TOD)..........................11
Resume Urban Land Use & Mobility Week 3.1 Public Transport Connections......................................13
Resume Urban Land Use & Mobility Week 3.2 Node Development.....................................................17
Resume Urban Land Use & Mobility Week 4.1 Sustainable Mobility....................................................19
Resume Urban Land Use & Mobility Week 4.2 Smart Mobility............................................................21
Resume Urban Land Use & Mobility Week 5.1 Mobility & parking policy in area development..........22
Resume Urban Land Use & Mobility Week 5.2 National Dutch policy – an historic overview..............24
Resume Urban Land Use & Mobility Week 6.1 Guest Lecture Bicycle policy........................................26
Resume Urban Land Use & Mobility Week 7.1 Urban development and mobility in the Netherlands –
future trends and developments..........................................................................................................27
Obligatory literature.............................................................................................................................30
Integrating Land Use Planning and Urban Transport for Low Carbon Cities.....................................30
Transportation and land use.............................................................................................................33
Urban Mobility in the Smart City Age...............................................................................................34
1
,Resume Urban Land Use & Mobility Week 1.1 Urbanisation and
Growth Models
Part 1. Urbanisation
Urbanisation as a characteristic of a country or region
(= % of people living in urban areas)
Urbanisation as a process
(= % of population moving from rural to urban areas per time unit)
Which factors caused urbanisation?
Economic opportunities - Industrialisation
Attraction & more services (city-culture, education, housing, health services etc)
Social mobility (opportunities for better paid jobs)
Modernization in agriculture: lesser labour force needed in rural areas
Bad circumstances in rural areas (unpredictable conditions like drought, flood, pestilence)
Political reasons (e.g. conflicts), political refugees
Part 2. Urban Growth Models
Concentric Zone Model – Burgess
The model assumes a relationship between social-economic status and distance from the CBD.
2
, Sector Model – Hoyt
Sector model - a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around
a series of sectors, or wedges radiating out from the central business district (CBD) and centered on
major transportation lines.
• Also known as the Hoyt Model. Developed in 1939 by land economist Homer Hoyt.
• He said that a city develops in a series of sectors, not rings.
• Different areas attract different activities by chance or by environmental factors.
• As the city grows, activities within it grow outward in a wedge shape from the CBD.
CBD- central business district, the area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered. It is
also called the central activities district. In North America, it is called “downtown.” In Chicago, it
would be the area closest to the lake, most notably Michigan Avenue.
Industry
• Industry follows rivers, canals, railroads, or
roads
• Lower class workers work here. Paid little,
bad working conditions.
• Produces goods or other domestic products
for city
Low Class Residential
• Low income housing
• Near railroads that feed factories or
• Inhabitants tend to work in factories
• Live near industry to reduce transportation costs
• Pollution or poor environmental conditions due to industry (traffic, noise and pollution make it
cheap)
Middle Class Residential
• More desirable area because it is further from industry and pollution
• Access to transportation lines for working people who work in the CBD, making transport easier
• Largest residential area
High Class Residential
• Housing on outermost edge
• Furthest away from industry
• Quiet, clean, less traffic
• Corridor or spine extending from CBD to edge has best housing.
Where it does and doesn’t apply (some weaknesses)
• Applies well to Chicago
• Low cost housing is near industry and transportation proving Hoyt’s model
• Theory based on 20th century and does not take into account cars which make commerce (handel)
easier
• With cars, people can live anywhere and further from the city and still travel to the CBD using their
car. Not only do high-class residents have cars, but also middle and lower class people may have cars.
3
