NR 507 COMPLETE STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

NR 507 COMPLETE STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Hypersensitivity: Type 1 - CORRECT ANSWER--Mediated IgE -inflammation due to mast cell degranultion -anaphylactic, asthma, hay fever treatment: epinephrine Hypersensitivity: Type 2 - CORRECT ANSWER--Cytotoxic reaction: tissue specific -binds to the antigen ON THE CELL SURFACE -macrophages are primary effectors cells involved cause tissue damage or alter function Hypersensitivity 2 - CORRECT ANSWER--Graves Disease (hyperthyroidism) -alters function not destroy -blood transfusions reaction- transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by agglutination or lysis -drug allergies -hemolytic anemia Hypersensitivity: type 3 - CORRECT ANSWER--Not organ specific -antibody binds to soluble antigen OUTSIDE THE CELL SURFACE that was released into the blood or bodily fluids, and the complex is then deposited in the tissues Hypersensitivity: Type 3 - CORRECT ANSWER--rheumatoid arthritis -Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) -Raynaud's Hives (urticaria) - CORRECT ANSWER-Hypersensitivity Type 1 First responders to innate the immune system - CORRECT ANSWER-Neutrophils Allergic contact dermatitis - CORRECT ANSWER-Hypersensitivity Type IV Type 2 cytotoxic hypersensitivity mediated by: - CORRECT ANSWER--IgG IgM -macrophages are primary effort cells - Serum Sickness - CORRECT ANSWER-type 3 hypersensitivity Hypersensitivity IV, - CORRECT ANSWER--is more of a delayed immune response. -mediated T-cells attack tissue directly (no antibodies) Autoimmune - CORRECT ANSWER--diseases in which the body makes antibodies directed against its own tissues - Primary immunodeficiency - CORRECT ANSWER--Genetic; inherited -result of single gene defects -B and T cell deficiencies secondary immunodeficiency - CORRECT ANSWER--acquired Common cause of secondary immunodeficiency - CORRECT ANSWER-Malnutrition Most patients diagnosed with SLE will have a positive ? - CORRECT ANSWERantinuclear antibody (ANA) SLE (lupus) - CORRECT ANSWER--Facial rash -vasculitis - tissue inflammation Renal disease associated with autoimmunity? - CORRECT ANSWERGlomerulonephritis Sjogren's syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER-Inflammation in salivary and lacrimal glands SLE - CORRECT ANSWER-Autoantibodies and auto-active t-cells against DNA and nucleoprotein Sjögren's syndrome immune changes: - CORRECT ANSWER-Autoantibodies and autoreactive t-cells against apoptotic cells rheumatoid arthritis manifestations: - CORRECT ANSWER-Joint inflammation, stiffness, pain, loss of range of motion Rheumatoid Arthritis immune changes: - CORRECT ANSWER-T-cells and B cells against joint associated antigens MS manifestations - CORRECT ANSWER-Formation of sclerotic plaque in the brain, leads to Muscle weakness and ataxia MS immune changes - CORRECT ANSWER-T-cells against brain antigens ___ measures the average size of RBCs - CORRECT ANSWER-MCV Anemia occur by... - CORRECT ANSWER--impaired RBC production -excessive blood loss - increased RBC production microlytic anemia is characterized by hyper chromic RBS: - CORRECT ANSWERHereditary spherocytosis Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER--"without blood" 4.7-6.1mcl - CORRECT ANSWER-Normal for men RBC 4.5-5.2mcL - CORRECT ANSWER-Normal for women RBC 13.5-17.5 - CORRECT ANSWER-Normal hemoglobin for men 12.0-15.5 g/dL - CORRECT ANSWER-Normal hemoglobin for women RBC - CORRECT ANSWER-The number of erythrocytes in 1 cubic mm of whole blood Hemoglobin (Hgb) - CORRECT ANSWER-The oxygen-carrying pigment of red cells Hematocrit (Hct) - CORRECT ANSWER-The volume of cells as a % of total volume of cells and plasma in whole blood 42-45% - CORRECT ANSWER-Normal for HCT for men 37-48% - CORRECT ANSWER-Normal HCT for women Mean Cell Volume (MCV) - CORRECT ANSWER-Measures the average size of the RBC 80-100 fL - CORRECT ANSWER-Normal MCV RDW (red cell distribution width) - CORRECT ANSWER-Estimate of the uniformity of individual cell size 11.5- 14.5% - CORRECT ANSWER-Normal RDW Microcytic (MVC <80fL) - CORRECT ANSWER-Iron deficiency Microcytic (MVC <80fL) less than - CORRECT ANSWER-Sideroblastic Microcytic (MVC <80fL) - CORRECT ANSWER-Thalassemia Microcytic (MVC <80fL) - CORRECT ANSWER-Anemia of chronic disease Normocytic (MVC 80-99) - CORRECT ANSWER-Anemia of inflammation and chronic disease Normocytic (MVC 80-99) - CORRECT ANSWER-Hereditary spherocytosis Normocytic (MVC 80-99) - CORRECT ANSWER-G6PD deficiency Normocytic (MVC 80-99) - CORRECT ANSWER-Paroxysmal nocturnal hemglobinuria Macrocytic (MVC >100) greater than - CORRECT ANSWER-B12 deficiency (pernicious anemia) Macrocytic (MVC >100) greater than - CORRECT ANSWER-Folate deficiency Hypochromic anemia -(MCHC) less than normal hemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWERRBCs pale in color Normochromic anemia -(MCHC) normal hemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWER-Neither pale or dark Hyperchromic anemia - (MCHC) more than normal hemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWERDark rue or red Manifestations of anemia - CORRECT ANSWER-fatigue, pallor, weakness, dyspnea, dizziness, tachycardia iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ANSWER--microcytic, hypochromic -can cause excessive bleeding -treatment: iron supplements -insufficient iron levels or the inability of the cells mitochondria to utilize iron effectively Ferritin - CORRECT ANSWER-Measurement that reflects the body's total iron stores microcytic hypochromic anemia - CORRECT ANSWER--iron deficiency anemia -sideroblastic -thalassemia Microcytic Normochromic - CORRECT ANSWER-Anemia of inflammation and chronic disease Microcytic Hyperchromic - CORRECT ANSWER-Hereditary spherocytosis