environmental health: cosmetics, LCAs, and water exam study guide fully solved & verified for accuracy 2024

routes of exposure for chemicals in cosmetics - dermal absorption - inhalation - ingestion food, drug, and cosmetics act of 1938 - created the FDA, giving it broad authority over food and drugs - FDA does not have the same authority over cosmetic what does FDA not have authority over? recalling products and requiring pre-market testing for cosmetics lacks authority to ban products who is responsible for cosmetic safety? the cosmetics industry: companies/individuals who manufacture/market cosmetics ex of FDA lacking authority in banning products brazilian blowout releases formaldehyde but is still available in a salon near you lipsticks - lead detected - some exceed acceptable daily intake of cadmium, chromium, aluminum, manganese endocrine disruptors - chemicals that are structurally similar to our naturally occurring hormones - bind to hormone receptors - mimic, block, or interfere with hormones in the body what types of hormones do endocrine disruptors mimic? estrogens, testosterone, androgens, thyroid hormones, adipokines, obesogens hormones - circulate in bloodstream - bind to hormone receptors in tissues throughout body - regulate reproduction, growth, development, organ function - operates on very low dose basis examples of personal care products with potential endocrine disruptors - phthalates (fragrance) - parabens (preservatives) - triclosan (antibacterial) - oxybenzone (sunscreen) what are phthalates used in? - scented products, fragrance - nail polish - soft plastics what are phthalates linked to? - reproductive disorders in boys - delays in neurodevelopment - possibly breast cancer, early puberty what are parabens used in? - makeup - deodorant - lotions, sunscreens parabens - estrogenic - readily absorbed in skin - found in breast tissue and tumors triclosan antibacterial agent used in liquid soap and toothpaste effects of triclosan - thyroid hormone disruptor - may impact immune development - may impact timing of puberty oxybenzone - UV filter used in sunscreen, lip balm, and other SPF products - absorbed through skin - possibly estrogenic aims of the HERMOSA study - to determine how latina teens were exposed to endocrine disruptors in personal care products - to see if we can reduce exposure by using alternate products - empower local youth in scientific research - work with local youth to develop health education and advocacy skills pre-intervention visit in HERMOSA - questionnaire about recent beauty product use - urine sample - education about EDs in makeup methods of HERMOSA - pre-intervention visit - gave low chemical products for three days - post-intervention urine sample low chemical alternatives - prioritized locally available, affordable products - prioritized brands that used fewer chemicals across the board HERMOSA participants - mexican or mexican-american - most spoke spanish at home and english with friends - 58% living below poverty triclosan levels differ by... colgate total use phthalate concentrations by product use - increased in solid deodorant and lotion/moisturizer - no difference in perfume/fragrance higher paraben levels in... girls who wear makeup more often HERMOSA study summary - identified products that were highest contributors to ED exposure - reduced ED concentrations by switching products for 3 days - low chemical products help - empowered youth by training them to be researchers, health educators, advocates measuring prenatal exposure in CHAMACOS - collected urine samples - analyzed them for phthalates, parabens, triclosan, oxybenzone what are maternal triclosan levels associated with? lower thyroid hormone in pregnancy what are maternal phthalate levels associated with? - increased BMI at age 12 --> risk of overweight/obesity is 2.2 times higher - lower IQ - attention problems - hyperactivity - poorer social cognition