CSULB FINAL EXAM REVIEW Exam study guide 2024 latest update already graded A+

Why is Networking Necessary? Communication is an essential characteristic of any society.In today's world, people communicate with other people around the world almost as simply as they talk to a person standing right beside them.Over the past several decades, global communication has advanced significantly and has greatly improved the human social experience.Communication over a network (networking) brings people together for either generic or specific purposes. LAN A Local Area Network defines a small geographical area in which multiple computers and other devices are connected. LANs can be set up in homes and small businesses, and can be managed individually or centrally.LANs can be designed to use one of two communication methods: Wired or Wireless WAN A Wide Area Network is spread across an unlimited geographical area and connects between multiple LANs. WANs are usually managed by several service providers. MAN A Metropolitan Area Network is larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN. In most cases, it is managed by a city municipality and enables connection to broader networks. SAN A Storage Area Network is a dedicated network that supports file servers and provides efficient transfer of unusually large data sizes at extremely high rates. is often not regarded as a type of network because it is closer to being infrastructure. Network Requirements Communication among devices can be as simple as connecting a cable between two computers.On the other hand it can be as complex as a large assembly of multiple networks spread around the world and regulated by a variety of sophisticated devices and protocols.The history of computer networks began in the 1960s with a network called ARPANET. End Devices Devices that connect to a network for communication purposes, such as computers, phones, and others. All end devices have unique addresses that identifies them on the network. Media based on the word 'medium' (meaning 'in between') is a means of transferring data, such as metallic wire, glass or plastic fiber, wireless radio frequencies, and others. Intermediary Devices Devices that transfer messages over the network and facilitate communication between end devices. Network Interface Card (NIC) allows end devices to interact with other devices over a network.Other names for NIC include:•Network Adapter•LAN Adapter•Physical Network Interface Intermediary devices act as bridges, interconnecting end devices. Smart intermediary devices know how to differentiate between devices, and can send data to specific destinations.Unlike smart devices, simple intermediary devices send information indiscriminately across a network. A Switch is a device with physical ports to which end devices can be connected via Ethernet cables, to create a MAC addresses to pass information from one end device to another. Hub is the legacy implementation of a switch.It broadcasts data to all connected devices, as opposed to sending information to dedicated destinations