ORAL COMMUNICATION STUDY GUIDE
● PARALANGUAGE - often dependent
on culture, includes sighs and gasps
COMMUNICATION
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION:
- the transmission of ideas and emotions
between or among persons with the use PARTICIPANTS
of verbal and nonverbal cues
- the communicators
- comes from the Latin word communis,
- can be both senders and receivers
which means “common”
- helps people adapt to or survive in the CONTEXT
place they live in
- refers to the interrelated conditions that
STIMULUS - an idea or concept that a sender affect the message; these include
would like to convey. A conversation starts with physical, psychological, social, and
a stimulus. cultural factors
● PHYSICAL CONTEXT - refers to the
SENDER - encodes the message by putting it
place, time, environment, and distance
into words and then expresses the ideas in
between communicators.
proper sequence
● SOCIAL CONTEXT - refers to the
RECEIVER - accepts and decodes the relationship of the communicators.
message; chooses whether to respond ● PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTEXT -
refers to the moods and feelings of the
DECODE – to interpret
communicators.
FEEDBACK - the response of the receiver to ● CULTURAL CONTEXT - includes the
the given message of the sender, given by the beliefs and norms of the participants.
receiver when responding to the message This comes into play when you are
speaking with someone who is of a
NOISE - causes breakdown in the
different gender, age, social status,
communication process; any barrier or
religion, or nationality.
hindrance that obstructs the understanding of
the message MESSAGE
VERBAL COMMUNICATION - the main point of having communication
- the main idea or information that the
- the use of words or speech in sending
sender would like to convey to the
messages and transmitting ideas or
receiver
feelings
- It is important for the message to be
- makes use of language/words
stated clearly and in a way that is
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION understandable to the receiver.
- the act of expressing ideas in ways that do CHANNEL
not involve or go beyond using words.
- the means of delivering the message
- uses body language, appearance, voice,
- can be a face-to-face conversation, a
and environment as nonverbal cues
letter, a phone call, an e-mail, or social
TYPES OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION: media
● PROXEMICS - how the space or FEEDBACK
distance between the sender and the
- the response of the receiver
receiver affects their communication.
- helps the sender of the message
Includes intimate distance, personal
determine whether the message was
distance, social distance, and public
understood by the receiver
distance.
- If the participants of the conversation
● KINESICS - the use of body language in
continue giving feedback, the flow of
communication, includes gestures, eye
communication continues.
contact, and facial expressions
● CHRONEMICS - refers to the role of
time in the communication process
, ORAL COMMUNICATION STUDY GUIDE
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
- conceptual representation that is used to
explain the communication process
- Each model offers a different perspective
on the communication process.
● LINEAR COMMUNICATION
MODEL
- presents communication as a one-way
activity in which information flows from
the sender to the receiver
- shows only a passive receiver CULTURE - the system of knowledge that is
- feedback - not a part of the process shared by a particular group composed of a
relatively large number of individuals
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION -
communication between individuals who have
different cultures
SELF-AWARENESS - an understanding of
oneself and place in society, it is essential for
● INTERACTIVE COMMUNICATION better communication with others, especially
MODEL with those who are different from you. Knowing
- shows communication as a two-way who you are and in which cultural and social
activity group you belong will enable you to relate better
to others and to show sensitivity to them.
- The sender and the receiver have the
same role in the activity: either one COMMUNICATION STYLE - the way people
comes up with an idea, sends a message, express themselves or how people communicate
and reacts to it. with others
- involves feedback
- may also include noise, an element that MEN-ONLY CONVERSATIONS:
affects the interpretation of the message - Assertive and competitive
- Reserved
- Talk about different topics
- Need personal space
- Purpose: To provide information
WOMEN-ONLY CONVERSATIONS:
- Polite and affectionate
- Expressive
● TRANSACTIONAL
- Talk about one topic at length
COMMUNICATION MODEL
- Intimate
- presents communication as a
- Purpose: To build or maintain
simultaneous activity
relationship
- senders and receivers - capable of both
sending and receiving messages anytime MIXED-GENDER CONVERSATIONS:
or at the same time
- Men initiate the interaction
- feedback - includes nonverbal cues such
- Men often interrupt the other person
as gestures, tone of voice, or body
who is speaking.
language
- Women usually allow an interruption.
- takes into account that communicators
- Men use fewer adjectives and intensifiers
react to the situation based on their own
compared to women
background
- The diverse perceptions and AGE - A person’s age or the generation to
● PARALANGUAGE - often dependent
on culture, includes sighs and gasps
COMMUNICATION
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION:
- the transmission of ideas and emotions
between or among persons with the use PARTICIPANTS
of verbal and nonverbal cues
- the communicators
- comes from the Latin word communis,
- can be both senders and receivers
which means “common”
- helps people adapt to or survive in the CONTEXT
place they live in
- refers to the interrelated conditions that
STIMULUS - an idea or concept that a sender affect the message; these include
would like to convey. A conversation starts with physical, psychological, social, and
a stimulus. cultural factors
● PHYSICAL CONTEXT - refers to the
SENDER - encodes the message by putting it
place, time, environment, and distance
into words and then expresses the ideas in
between communicators.
proper sequence
● SOCIAL CONTEXT - refers to the
RECEIVER - accepts and decodes the relationship of the communicators.
message; chooses whether to respond ● PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTEXT -
refers to the moods and feelings of the
DECODE – to interpret
communicators.
FEEDBACK - the response of the receiver to ● CULTURAL CONTEXT - includes the
the given message of the sender, given by the beliefs and norms of the participants.
receiver when responding to the message This comes into play when you are
speaking with someone who is of a
NOISE - causes breakdown in the
different gender, age, social status,
communication process; any barrier or
religion, or nationality.
hindrance that obstructs the understanding of
the message MESSAGE
VERBAL COMMUNICATION - the main point of having communication
- the main idea or information that the
- the use of words or speech in sending
sender would like to convey to the
messages and transmitting ideas or
receiver
feelings
- It is important for the message to be
- makes use of language/words
stated clearly and in a way that is
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION understandable to the receiver.
- the act of expressing ideas in ways that do CHANNEL
not involve or go beyond using words.
- the means of delivering the message
- uses body language, appearance, voice,
- can be a face-to-face conversation, a
and environment as nonverbal cues
letter, a phone call, an e-mail, or social
TYPES OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION: media
● PROXEMICS - how the space or FEEDBACK
distance between the sender and the
- the response of the receiver
receiver affects their communication.
- helps the sender of the message
Includes intimate distance, personal
determine whether the message was
distance, social distance, and public
understood by the receiver
distance.
- If the participants of the conversation
● KINESICS - the use of body language in
continue giving feedback, the flow of
communication, includes gestures, eye
communication continues.
contact, and facial expressions
● CHRONEMICS - refers to the role of
time in the communication process
, ORAL COMMUNICATION STUDY GUIDE
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
- conceptual representation that is used to
explain the communication process
- Each model offers a different perspective
on the communication process.
● LINEAR COMMUNICATION
MODEL
- presents communication as a one-way
activity in which information flows from
the sender to the receiver
- shows only a passive receiver CULTURE - the system of knowledge that is
- feedback - not a part of the process shared by a particular group composed of a
relatively large number of individuals
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION -
communication between individuals who have
different cultures
SELF-AWARENESS - an understanding of
oneself and place in society, it is essential for
● INTERACTIVE COMMUNICATION better communication with others, especially
MODEL with those who are different from you. Knowing
- shows communication as a two-way who you are and in which cultural and social
activity group you belong will enable you to relate better
to others and to show sensitivity to them.
- The sender and the receiver have the
same role in the activity: either one COMMUNICATION STYLE - the way people
comes up with an idea, sends a message, express themselves or how people communicate
and reacts to it. with others
- involves feedback
- may also include noise, an element that MEN-ONLY CONVERSATIONS:
affects the interpretation of the message - Assertive and competitive
- Reserved
- Talk about different topics
- Need personal space
- Purpose: To provide information
WOMEN-ONLY CONVERSATIONS:
- Polite and affectionate
- Expressive
● TRANSACTIONAL
- Talk about one topic at length
COMMUNICATION MODEL
- Intimate
- presents communication as a
- Purpose: To build or maintain
simultaneous activity
relationship
- senders and receivers - capable of both
sending and receiving messages anytime MIXED-GENDER CONVERSATIONS:
or at the same time
- Men initiate the interaction
- feedback - includes nonverbal cues such
- Men often interrupt the other person
as gestures, tone of voice, or body
who is speaking.
language
- Women usually allow an interruption.
- takes into account that communicators
- Men use fewer adjectives and intensifiers
react to the situation based on their own
compared to women
background
- The diverse perceptions and AGE - A person’s age or the generation to
