ESP adult echo exam questions and answers

ESP adult echo Which valve/valves separates the areas of the greatest pressure differences? Lowest? - ANSWER The atrioventricular valves separate high pressure chambers from low pressure chambers (Mitral valve and tricuspid valve) Where does the left anterior descending artery lie? - ANSWER The LED lies in the anterior interventricular groove or SULCUS What are the cusps of the pulmonic valve? - ANSWER Anterior cusp, right cusp, left or Lateral cusp What are the costs of the aortic valve? - ANSWER Left cusp, right cusp, non-coronary cusp AKA the posterior cusp What are the cusps of the mitral valve? - ANSWER The anterior cusp and the posterior cusp what are the costs of the tricuspid valve - ANSWER Posterior cusp, anterior cusp, septal cusp (AKA MEDIAL CUSP) Which aortic leaflet is the superior one in the parasternal long axis view? - ANSWER Right leaflet (the posterior leaflet is the non coronary cusp) from the left parasternal window which of the following are you most likely to get accurate velocity measurements? A. LVOT B. Mitral stenosis C. Pulmonary artery D. Mitral regurgitation - ANSWER c. pulmonary artery What tricuspid leaflets Are seen in the right ventricular inflow track view? - ANSWER Posterior and anterior Where is the LAA on TTE? - ANSWER Sometimes in the parasternal short access aortic valve level. Better seen in the apical two chamber The coronary arteries come off the: A. Descending aorta B. Coronary sinuses C. Pulmonary artery D. Sinus of Valsalva - ANSWER D. Sinus of Valsalva what is the normal measurement for LVIDd? - ANSWER 4.2-5.8 cm what is the normal measurement for LVIDs? - ANSWER 2.5-4.0 cm what is the normal measurement for RVIDd? - ANSWER 2-3 cm When do you measure the aortic root, and what is its normal measurement? - ANSWER Aortic root is measured in and diastole 2.0- 3.7 cm What is a normal aortic cusp separation measurement? - ANSWER 1.5- 2.6 cm What is the normal LA dimension measured in PLAX? - ANSWER 3-4 cm What is a normal EPSS? - ANSWER 2-7mm What does TAPSE measure? And what's it's normal measurement ? - ANSWER Right ventricular systolic parameter: tricuspid annular planner systolic excursion Done Apical 4 ch with Mmode, measured between end diastole and peak systole Normal or equal to 1.7 cm How is the aortic valve anulus measured? - ANSWER Inner edge to inner edge measured in mid-systole (Hinge point of the aortic leaflets) How is the Ao sinuses measured? ( maximal diameter in the sinuses of Valsalva) - ANSWER Leading edge to leading edge measured at end-diastole The best images of the ascending aorta are often obtained from which transducer window? A. apical B. Subcostal C. Superasternal D. Right parasternal - ANSWER C. Suprasternal Name the vessels coming off the arch and most proximal or distal. - ANSWER Innominate (proximal), left carotid and left subclavian (distal) What cardiac pathology is associated with bicuspid aortic valves? - ANSWER Coarctation of the aorta Which window do you use to look for the secondary finding in bicuspid valves? - ANSWER Suprasternal arch; suprasternal notch Where do most aortic coarctation's occur? - ANSWER The aortic isthmus (after the takeoff of the left subclavian artery) Which pulmonary veins do you see in the apical for chamber view? - ANSWER Right and left lower pulmonary veins From the apical four chamber view how do you rotate the transducer to obtain the apical LAX (3 chamber) ? A. Clockwise 90° B. Clockwise 120° C. Counter clockwise 90° D. Counter clockwise 120° - ANSWER D. Counter clockwise 120° Which view do you evaluate the coronary sinus? - ANSWER PLAX Where is the coronary sinus located? - ANSW