Penn Foster Veterinary Pharmacology Final Exam With Answers All Correct

Penn Foster Veterinary Pharmacology Final Exam With Answers All Correct Describe how drugs affect the nervous system - ANSWER- Drugs affect the nervous system by acting at the synaptic junctions to promote neurotransmitter's activity, mimic their actions, or block them from acting. Identify examples of respiratory drugs - ANSWER- Expectorants, mucolytics, antitussives, bronchodilators, decongestants List which drugs are used to relieve pain and inflammation - ANSWER- NSAIDs, Opioids, Antihistamines, muscle relaxers, steroids, nerve blocks Summarize the difference between ophthalmic and otic drugs - ANSWER- Ophthalmic drugs are used for the eyes Otic drugs are used for the ears Describe how antiparasitic drugs work - ANSWER- Antiparasitic drugs work by destroying parasites or inhibiting their growth. Most work by interfering with the parasite's nervous system to prevent them from moving. Agonist - ANSWER- Drug that has affinity for a receptor/stimulates receptor into action Contraindications - ANSWER- A reason not to use a drug in a particular situation Efficacy - ANSWER- the degree to which a drug produces its desired response. Over-The-Counter (OTC) drug - ANSWER- One that may be purchased without prescription from a veterinarian Prescription Drug - ANSWER- One that must be used under the supervision of a veterinarina Receptor - ANSWER- a group of specialized molecules on or in a cell that bind with a drug to produce an effect Therapeutic Index - ANSWER- expresses the relationship between a drug's therapeutic and harmful effects Withdrawl Time - ANSWER- Amount of time that must elapse between the end of drug therapy and elimination of that drug from patients tissues or products Veterinarian-client-patient relationship - ANSWER- Relationship that must exist between the vet, the patient, and the owner before prescription drugs can be dispensed. List 4 sources of drugs used in Vet Med - ANSWER- Animal product, plant material, minerals, synthetic products What are 4 components of a drug regimen? - ANSWER- Dose, route, frequency, and duration of administration. Discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid veterinarian-client-patient relationship can be shown to exist - ANSWER- 1. Vet must assume responsibility for making clinical judgments in relation to health of the animal. 2. Vet must have recently seen the animal and be acquainted with it's care. 3.Vet must be available for follow-up care of the animal List 11 possible routes for administering a drug to a patient. - ANSWER- Oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, intracardiac, intramedullary, inhalation, topical, intradermal List some of the factors that influence drug absorption - ANSWER- Method of absorption, pH of the drug and ionization status, absorptive surface area, blood supply to area, solubility of drug, dosage form, status of GI tract, and interactions with other drugs Most biotransformation occurs in the_____ - ANSWER- Liver Most drug excretion occurs via the ______ - ANSWER- Kidneys Drugs usually produce their effects by combining with specific cellular_____ - ANSWER- Receptors The drug name chosen by the manufacturer and is exclusive property of that company is called - ANSWER- Trade/Proprietary Name What are the 6 items that must be included on drug label? - ANSWER- names (generic and trade) concentration, quantity, name and address of manufacturer, control or lot number, expiration date What are three government agencies that regulate the development, approval, and use of animal health products? - ANSWER- FDA, EPA, USDA Why do many vet clinics dispense rather than prescribe most of the drugs that they use? - ANSWER- Profit earned from selling products Describe the marketing of animal health products - ANSWER- Purchased from manufacturers, distributors, or generic mail order companies. May be sold only one label to graduate veterinarians and under another as over-the-counter All FDA-approved veterinary drugs are listed in the publication entitled_____ - ANSWER- The Green Book What is the purpose of FARAD? - ANSWER- Provides resources concerning the avoidance of drug residues in animals FARAD - ANSWER- Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank Extralabel veterinary drug use was made legal (under prescribed circumstances) by what act of congress? - ANSWER- Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA) Compounding - ANSWER- Diluting or combining existing drugs What are potential dangers of residues in animal products - ANSWER- May cause allergic reaction or neoplasia in people, may cause the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria List 3 classes of drug interactions - ANSWER- Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and pharmaceutic Drug interaction can be anticipated when two drugs are given that are both metabolized by the_____ - ANSWER- Liver Ethical Product - ANSWER- one sold only through veterinarians as a policy of the manufacturer rather than by FDA requirement Once a drug has been biotransformed, it is called a_____ - ANSWER- Metabolite A reason to use a drug is a(n)_____ - ANSWER- Indication Diagnostic method of choosing a drug is based on all of the following except a. Practical experience b. Assesment of the patient c. Obtaining a history d. Performing lab tests - ANSWER- A. Practical experience. Extralabel - ANSWER- Using a drug in a way not specified by the label Complex sequence of events that occurs after a drug is administered is called____ - ANSWER- Pharmacokinetics