Histology summary (NWI-BP006B)

Histology
Radboud Universiteit
Pleun Maarssen



Inhoudsopgave
Tissue............................................................................................................................................................ 1

Epithelia........................................................................................................................................................ 1

Glands........................................................................................................................................................... 4

Connective tissue........................................................................................................................................... 5

Cartilage........................................................................................................................................................ 8

Bone............................................................................................................................................................ 10

Nerve tissue................................................................................................................................................. 12

Glial cells..................................................................................................................................................... 14

Muscle tissue............................................................................................................................................... 16




Tissue
 Epithelial
o aggregated polyhedral cells
o small amount
o lining of surface or body cavities
o glandular secretion
 Connective
o Several types of ficed and wandering cells
o Abundant amount
o Support and protection of tissues
 Muscle
o Elongated contractile cells
o Moderate amount
o Strong contraction and body movements
 Nervous
o Elongated cells with extremely fine processes
o Very small amount
o Transmission of nerve impulses


Epithelia

,  Covering tissue: lining and protection (skin)
 Transport along the surface of the epihelium (in the respiratory epithelium)
 Absorption (in the intestine)
 Secretion (in the glands)
 Tightly connected to each other, therefor blood and other stuff have to of through the cell
and not around it

Intercellular adhesion and juctions
 Tight junction: Ensures transcellular over paracellular transport
and secures polarity
 Adherens junction: Anchoring neighbouring cells
 Desmosomes: Firm cell-cell adhesion
 Gap junctions: Cell communication
 Hemidesmosomes: Anchoring epithelial cells to basement
membrane
The basement membrane based on layers
 Basal lamina + reticular lamina
 Attachment and structural support
 Filtration (like in the kidney)
 Regulation cell division and differentiation of epithelial cells
o Repair and regeneration

Categorization of epithelia
 Single layered (also called simple layered)
o Simple squamous
o Simple cuboidal
o Simple columnar
 Pseudostratified epithelium (simple)
 Stratified (also called stratified = multi-layered)
o Keratinized
 Stratified squamous
o Non- Keratinized
 Stratified squamous
 Stratified cuboidal
 Stratified columnar
 Transitional epithelium

Simple epithelia
 Squamous
o Flat shaped
o Found in capillaries
 Continuous capillary: Most common type with tight
junctional complexes
 Fenestrated capillary: sieve-like structure, exchange of
molecules (hormones)
 Sinusoid: has gapes to allow blood cells and other cells to
pass


 Cuboidal
o Cube shape

, o Found in the kidneys
 Columnar
o elongated shape
o found in the intestines
 Pseudostratified
o Looks multi layered but is single layered
o If you see cilia: single layered
o Found in the first part of the raspatory tract: bronchi


Stratified
 Non-keratinised
o Buccal cavity, oesophagus, rectum, vagina
o The first layer of cells is connected to the basement membrane
 Keratinised
o Skin
o Layers
 Stratum corneum
 Upper layer
 Can come loose
 Stratum lucidum
 Dead cells
 Stratum granulosum
 Kerato-hyaline granules
 Produce keratin *
 Stratum spinosum
 Heavily connected with
desmosomes
 Stratum Basale
 Produce pigments
 Transfer melanin pigments to keratinocytes
 Pigments: protection form * radiation
 Dermis
 Transitional epithelium
o Urinary bladder, ureters, upper urethra, prostate ducts
o Umbrella cells
 Stretching cells
 capable of protection the cells underneath