NASM STUDY COMPLETE Exam Questions and Answers Lates Update 2023/2024

NASM STUDY COMPLETE Exam Questions and Answers Lates Update 2023/2024 Information that is gathered from a prospective client to give the health and fitness professional feedback regarding personal history such as occupation, lifestyle and medical background. - correct answers Subjective Information A purposeful system or plan put together to help an individual achieve a specific goal. - correct answers Program Design A study that uses principals of physics to quantitatively study how forces interact within a living body. - correct answers Biomechanics A substance that completes or makes an addition to daily dietary intake. - correct answers Dietary Supplement An unstable (but controlled) environment where exercises are performed that causes the body to use its internal balance and stabilization mechanisms - correct answers Proprioceptively enriched environment Exercises that use quick, powerful movements involving an eccentric contraction immediately followed by an explosive concentric contraction. - correct answers Reactive Training Fastest growing health problem in the US - correct answers Obesity It is a conglomeration of billions of cells forming nerves that are specifically designed to provide a communication network within the human body - correct answers The Nervous Systemkinetic chain - correct answers nervous system, skeletal system and muscular system Muscular pump that rhythmically contracts to push blood throughout the body - correct answers Heart The ability of the kinetic chain to stabilize a joint during movement. - correct answers Dynamic Joint Stabilization The ability to move the body in one intended direction as fast as possible. - correct answers Speed The lumbo-pelvic -hip complex and the thoracic and cervical spine, where the body's center of gravity is located - correct answers The Core The normal extensibility of all soft tissues that allow the full range of motion of a joint. - correct answers Flexibility The sum of the processes by which an animal or plant takes in and uses food substances. - correct answers Nutrition Acts as a medium to deliver and collect essential products to and from the tissues of the body. - correct answers Blood Amino acids linked by peptide bonds. - correct answers Protein Chronic metabolic disorder, in which the body's ability to produce insulin or to utilize glucose is altered - correct answers Diabetes How quickly a muscle can generate force - correct answers Rate of force production Positioned above a point of reference. - correct answers SuperiorThe combination of flexibility and the nervous system's ability to control this range efficiently. - correct answers Dynamic Range of Motion The kinetic chain's ability to adapt to stresses placed on it. - correct answers General Adaptation Syndrome Training environment that provides heightened stimulation to proprioceptors and mechanoreceptors. - correct answers Multisensory Condition A system comprised of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems - correct answers Cardiorespiratory system Ability of muscles to exert maximal force output in a minimal amount of time. - correct answers Rate of Force Production Important components that specify how each exercise is to be performed. - correct answers Acute Variables Positioned below a point of reference. - correct answers Inferior The ability to sense changes in either external or internal environments - correct answers sensory function The ability of the neuromuscular system to allow agonists, antagonists, and stabilizers to work synergistically and control the entire kinetic chain in all three planes of motion - correct answers Neromuscular efficiency The average daily nutrient intake level that is estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals who are in a particular life stage and gender group. - correct answers Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)Training environment that is unstable as can safely be controlled by an individual. - correct answers Controlled Instability A hollow tube that allows blood to be transported to and from the heart - correct answers Blood Vessel A low intensity exercise consisting of movements that do not necessarily relate to the more intense exercise that is to follow. - correct answers General Warm-Up blood pressure of 140/90 or higher - correct answers Hypertension The ability to analyze and interpret sensory information to allow for proper decision making, which produces appropriate response - correct answers integrative function One complete movement of a single exercise. - correct answers Repetition (Rep) Positioned farthest from the center of the body. - correct answers Distal The average daily nutrient intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all healthy individuals who are in a particular life stage and gender group. - correct answers Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) The capability to be elongated or stretched. - correct answers Extensibility A recommended average daily nutrient intake level, based on observed approximations or estimates of nutrient intake that are assumed to be adequate for a group of healthy people. This measure is used when an RDA cannot be determined. - correct answers Adequate Intake (AI) A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and/or a lack of core and joint stability - correct answers DeconditionedLow intensity exercise consisting of movements that mimic those that will be included in the more intense exercise that is to follow - correct answers Specific Warm-Up The space in the chest between the lungs that contains all the internal organs of the chest, except the lungs. - correct answers Mediastinum Neuromuscular response to sensory information - correct answers Motor function Multiplanar soft tissue extensibility with optimal neuromuscular efficiency throughout the full range of motion. - correct answers Dynamic Functional Flexibility On the front of the body. - correct answers Anterior (or Ventral) The initial reaction to a stressor. - correct answers Alarm Reaction The precursor to osteoporosis. indicated by reduced bone mass. - correct answers Osteopenia The smallest blood vessel that is the location where substances such as oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products are exchanged between tissues - correct answers Capillaries A group of consecutive repetitions. - correct answers Set Alteration of muscle length surrounding a joint - correct answers Muscle Imbalance Condition in which there is a decrease in bone mass and density as well as an increase in the space between bones, resulting in porosity and fragility. - correct answers Osteoporosis On the back of the body. - correct answers Posterior (or dorsal) Predictable pattern of muscle imbalances - correct answers Postural distortion patternsSensory/Afferent neurons transmit nerve impulses from effector sites to - correct answers The Central Nervous System Set of two exercises that are performed back to back without any rest time between them - correct answers Superset The body increases its functional capacity to adapt to the stressor. - correct answers Resistance Development The functional unit of the nervous system - correct answers The Neuron The highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in a particular life stage and gender group. As intake increases above the UL, the potential risk of adverse health effects increases. - correct answers Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) Comprised of the heart, the blood it pumps, and the blood vessels that transport the blood from the heart to the tissues of the body - correct answers Cardiovascular system Degeneration of cartilage in joints - correct answers Osteoarthritis Transmits information from one neuron to another - correct answers Interneurons Positioned near the middle of the body - correct answers Medial Prolonged stress or stress that is intolerable and will produce this distress to the system. - correct answers Exhaustion The muscle that acts as the main source of motive movement - correct answers Prime moverThe tendency of the body to seek the path of least resistance during functional movement patterns - correct answers Relative Flexibility Division of a training program into smaller, progressive stages - correct answers Periodization Inflammatory condition that mainly affects the joints. - correct answers Arthritis Transmits information from cns to effector sites - correct answers Motor/efferent neurons Refers to a position relatively farther away from the midline of the body or towards the outside of the body. - correct answers Lateral Power: explosive (x/x/x) Strength: Moderate (2/0/2) Stabilization: Slow, emphasizing eccentric, concentric, and isometric muscle groups. (4/2/1) - correct answers Repetition Tempo The concept of muscle inhibition, caused by a tight agonist, which inhibits its functional antagonist. - correct answers Altered Reciprocal Inhibition The cumulative neural input to the central nervous system from mechanoreceptors that senses position and limb movement - correct answers Proprioception Vessels that transport blood away from the heart - correct answers Arteries Composed of the brain and spinal cord & it interprets information - correct answers Central Nervous System Degenerative joint disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues. - correct answers Rheumatoid Arthritis Neutral compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (such as sugars, starches, and celluloses) which make up a large portion of animal foods. - correct answers CarbohydratesPositioned on the opposite side of the body. - correct answers Contralateral Principle that states the body will adapt to the specific demands that are placed on it. - correct answers Principle of Specificity or (SAID) or Specific Adaption to Imposed Demands. The ability of the body's nerves to effectively send messages to the body's muscles - correct answers Neuromuscular efficiency The ability of the neuromuscular system to allow optimal levels of motor unit recruitment and synchronization within a muscle. - correct answers Intramuscular Coordination The neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when synergists take over the function of a weak or inhibited prime mover. - correct answers Synergistic Dominance The superior chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into the ventricles. - correct answers The Atrium _____ are chambers located inferiorly on either side of the heart. - correct answers Ventricles Any of various types of malignant neoplasms, most of which invade surrounding tissues, may spread to several sites and are likely to recur after attempted removal. - correct answers Cancer 12 cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves, and sensory receptors - correct answers relay info to and from brain Positioned on the same side of the body - correct answers Ipsilateral Refers to the weight and movements placed on the body. - correct answers Mechanical SpecificityThe ability of the neuromuscular system to allow all muscles to work together with proper activation and timing between them. - correct answers Intermuscular Coordination The ability to accelerate, decelerate, stabilize, and change direction quickly, while maintaining proper posture - correct answers Agility The motions of joints in the body - correct answers Arthrokinematics Altered forces at the joint that result in abnormal muscular activity and impaired neuromuscular communication at the joint - correct answers Arthrokinematic Dysfunction An imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves. - correct answers Sagittal Plane Refers to the speed of contraction and exercise selection. - correct answers Neuromuscular Specificity The ability to react and change body position with maximum rate of force production, in all planes of motion, from all body positions, during functional activities. - correct answers Quickness The condition where ability to expand lungs is decreased - correct answers Restrictive lung disease An individuals level of effort, compared with their maximal effort, which is usually expressed as a percentage. - correct answers Training Intensity condition where lung tissue is normal, but flows are restricted - correct answers Obstructive Lung Disease The state in which the body metabolism is elevated after exercise. It has been shown that splitting the training session into multiple session has the greatest impact - correct answers EPOC or excess post exercise oxygen ry receptor responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues. muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organs, joint receptors - correct answers mechanoreceptors Refers to the energy demand placed on the body. - correct answers Metabolic Specificity The bending of a joint, causing the angle to the joint to decrease. - correct answers Flexion Information that is measurable like heart rate or waist size. - correct answers Objective information Fibers that are sensitive to change in length of muscle and rate of that change, major sensory organs of muscle. parallel to muscle fibers. transmit info to cns when stretched. causes muscle to contract to prevent overstretching/ stretching too fast. - correct answers Muscle spindles The ability of the neuromuscular system to produce internal tension to overcome an external force. - correct answers Strength The exhalation of air during the process of breathing - correct answers Expiration The Straightening of a joint, causing the angle to the joint to increase. - correct answers Extension A group of compounds that includes triglycerides (fats and oils), phospholipids, and sterols. - correct answers Lipids An imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves. - correct answers Frontal Plane Sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change. musculotendinous junction. sensitive to changes in muscular tension and rate of tension change. causes relaxation to prevent xs stress/injury. - correct answers Golgi Tendon Organs Looks at how chemical energy is converted into mechanical energy - correct answers BioenergeticsThe process when neural impulses that sense tension is greater than the impulses that cause muscles to contract, providing an inhibitory effect to the muscle spindles. - correct answers Autogenic Inhibition An action that occurs in the presence of oxygen - correct answers Aerobic Constantly repeating the same pattern of motion, which may place abnormal stresses on the body. - correct answers Pattern Overload In and around joint capsule. Responds to pressure, acceleration and deceleration of joint. signals extreme joint positions. Initiates reflexive inhibitory response in surrounding muscles. - correct answers Joint Receptors Movement of a body part away from the middle of the body (in the frontal plane). - correct answers Abduction skull, rib cage, vertebral column 80 bones - correct answers Axial skeleton Cellular structure that serves as a storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body for energy - correct answers Adenosine triphosphate Movement of a body part towards the middle of the body (in the frontal plane). - correct answers Adduction States that soft tissue models along the lines of stress. - correct answers Davis's Law The ability to exert maximal force in the shortest amount of time - correct answers Power The system of the body responsible for taking in oxygen, excreting carbon dioxide, and regulating the relative compositions of the blood - correct answers Respiratory systemAn imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves. - correct answers Transverse Plane portion of the skeletal system that includes the upper and lower extremities - correct answers Appendicular skeleton The ability of the body to produce low levels of force and maintain them for extended periods. - correct answers Muscular Endurance Rotation of a joint toward the middle of the body. - correct answers Internal Rotation The process of passively taking a muscle to the point on tension and holding the stretch for a minimum of 20 sec - correct answers Static stretching The ability of the body to maintain postural equilibrium and support joints during movements. - correct answers Stability The inhalation of air during the process of breathing - correct answers Inspiration An action that is not dependent on oxygen for proper execution - correct answers Anaerobic Rotation of a joint away from the middle of the body. - correct answers External Rotation The ability of the body to repeatedly produce high levels of force for prolonged periods. - correct answers Strength Endurance Enlargement of skeletal muscle fibers in response to overcoming force from high volumes of tension - correct answers Hypertrophy The process of using agonists and synergists to dynamically move the joint into a range of motion - correct answers Active isolated StretchingThese form junctions that are connected by muscles and connective tissue. - correct answers Bones The maximum force that a muscle can produce in a single, voluntary effort, regardless of velocity. - correct answers Maximal Strength Sites where movement occurs as a result of muscle contraction. - correct answers Joints The number of training sessions performed during a specified period (usually 1 week) - correct answers Training Frequency Small terminal branches of an artery, which end in capillaries - correct answers Arterioles The time frame of a workout (including warm-up and cool-down) or the length of time spent in one phase of training. - correct answers Training Duration The active extension of a muscle, using force production and momentum, to move the joint through the full available range of motion uses reciprocal inhibition 1 set of 10 reps should be done 3-10 exercises - correct answers Dynamic Stretching The process of choosing appropriate exercises for a client's program. - correct answers Exercise Selection The lengthening of the muscle to a resting length. - correct answers Eccentric Muscle Action The specific outline, created by a fitness professional to meet a client's goals that details the form of training, length of time, future changes and specific exercises to be performed. - correct answers Training Plan The very small veins that connect capillaries to the larger veins - correct answers VenulesGeneralized training plan that spans 1 year to show when the client will progress between phases. - correct answers Annual Plan No visible movement with or against resistance. Dynamically stabilizes force. - correct answers Isometric Muscle Action The alignment and function of all components of the kinetic chain at any given moment. - correct answers Posture Moving in the opposite direction of force. Accelerates or produces force while contracting the muscle - correct answers Concentric Muscle Action Flat/indented portion of bone which can be a muscle attachment site. fossa, sulcus - correct answers Depressions An influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object. - correct answers Force Maintaining a state of balance in the alignment of the kinetic chain. - correct answers Postural Equilibrium The length at which a muscle can produce the greatest force. - correct answers Length-Tension Relationship Performing exercises on the OPT template one after the other, in a vertical manner down the template. - correct answers Vertical Loading The ability of the nervous system to communicate effectively with the muscular system. - correct answers Neuromuscular Efficiency No joint cavity and fibrous connective tissue - correct answers Little or no movement.Performing all sets of an exercise (or body part) before moving on to the next exercise (or body part) - correct answers Horizontal Loading Projections protruding from the bone to which muscles, tendons, and ligaments can attach, also known as condyle, epicondyle, tubercle, and trochanter - correct answers Process The ability of the neuromuscular system to contract eccentrically, isometrically, and concentrically in all three planes of motion. - correct answers Functional Strength Muscle groups moving together (synergisticly) to produce movement around a joint. - correct answers Force-Couple Relationships Predictable occurrences of muscle imbalances caused by altered movement patterns. - correct answers Postural Distortion Patterns Movement of the bones around the joints - correct answers Rotary Movement The ability of any force to cause rotation around an axis - correct answers Torque The manner in which the nervous, skeletal, and muscular system interact to produce a mechanical response to incoming sensory information. - correct answers Motor Behavior Joint motion: roll, slide, spin - correct answers Arthrokinematics Groups of muscles that are recruited by the central nervous system to provide movement. - correct answers Muscles Synergies Information that the nervous system utilizes to gather information about the environment to produce movement. - correct answers ProprioceptionThe cooperation of the nervous and muscular system in gathering information, interpreting, and executing proper motor response. - correct answers Sensorimotor Integration Muscles generate internal tension that, under the control of the nervous system, manipulates the bones of our body to produce movements. - correct answers The Muscular System Repeated practice of motor control processes, which lead to a change in the ability to produce complex movements. - correct answers Motor Learning 80 percent of joints - correct answers greatest capacity for motion The use of sensory information and sensoriomotor integration to help the kinetic chain in motor learning - correct answers Feedback The process where by sensory information is used by the body to reactively monitor movement and the environment. - correct answers Internal Feedback Information provided by some external source, such as a health and fitness professional, videotape, miror, or heart rate monitor to supplement the internal environment. - correct answers External Feedback The contraction of a muscle generated by neural stimulation - correct answers Neural Activation Chemical messengers that cross synapses to transmit electrical impulses from the nerve to the muscle. - correct answers Neurotransmitter primary connective tissue that connects bones together and provides stability (static, dynamic), input to nervous system, guidance and limitation of improper joint movement. made of collagen and varying amounts of elastin. poor vascularity - correct answers slow to heal, adapt Attaches muscle to bone - correct answers TendonFunctional unit of muscle - correct answers produces contraction and consists of repeating sections of actin and myosin Motor neuron and muscle fibers it innervates - correct answers Motor Unit Vessels that transport blood back to the heart - correct answers Veins The amount of pleasure derived from performing a physical activity - correct answers Enjoyment Number of training sessions in a given timeframe - correct answers Frequency Training that involves placing stress on the cardiorespiratory system - correct answers Integrated cardio resiratory training The level of demand that a given activity places on the body - correct answers Intensity The length of time an individual is engaged in a given activity - correct answers Time The type or mode of physical activity that an individual is engaged in - correct answers Type A form of flexability that focuses on the fascial system in the body - correct answers Self Myofascial Release An instrament with tow adjustable legs to measure thikness of a skin fold - correct answers Skin-fold Calipers A systemating problem solving method that provides the fitness professional with a bisis for making educated dicisions about exercise and acute varible seleciton - correct answers Integrated fitness profileRefers to a position nearest the center of the body or point of reference - correct answers Proximal The involved structures and mechanisms that the nervous system uses to gather sensory information and integrate it with previouse esperiences to produce a motor response - correct answers Motor control The abilityof the body to produce low level of force and maintain them for extended period of time. - correct answers Muscular Endurance Activation of the transverse abdominis, mulifidus, pelvic sloor muscles and diaphram to provide core stabilization. - correct answers Drawing-in Maeuver Generalized training plan that spans 1 monthand shows which phases will be requied each day of the week - correct answers Monthly Plan Time taken to recuperate between sets or exercises - correct answers Rest Interval Training plan of specific workouts that spans 1 week to show which exercises are required each day of the week - correct answers Weekly Plan Method of asking questions on a step-by-step basis to discover the initial caus of a fault - correct answers Root cause analysis Process of determining the importance, size, or value of something - correct answers Assesment Action of awareness, understanding, and sensitvity of the thoughts, emotions, and experience of another without personally having gone through the same thing - correct answers Empathy Aspect of a relationship characterized by similarity, agreement, or congruity - correct answers Rapport