UWL BIO 315 Exam I Questions And Answers Rated 100% Correct!!

Archaea evolved from within _____ as a different way to be a prokaryote, including some novel ways to make a living - Answer-Bacteria Eukaryotes evolved from within _____ and evolved cellular features that distinguishy them from prokaryotes - Answer-Archaea a trait shared by two organisms that is considered to be inherited from a common ancestor is said to be _____ - Answer-homologous individual shared traits in two organisms are said to be _____ of each other - Answer-homologs The three delineations of a simple cell: - Answer-1) extracellular matrix (ECM) "cell wall" 2) plasma membrane (PM) "cell border" 3) cytoplasm "cell stuff" Extracellular Matrix - Answer-sometimes called ectoplasm or just cell wall. made from carbohydrate, protein, or combinations (proteoglycan or glycoproteins); may also contain proteolipids and glycolipids as well as waxes. Plasma membrane - Answer-sometimes called cell membrane or limiting membrane. made from lipids with many embedded proteins, may also contain proteolipids and glycolipids cytoplasm - Answer-may contain organelles, in which case the solution outside the organelles is called cytosol. mostly water with soluble proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, stored food/energy and other metabolites. What is the difference between the cytoplasm and cytosol in a prokaryote? - Answer-they are the same thing what is the difference between the cytoplasm and cytosol in a eukaryote? - Answer--cytoplasm is the cell contents, except the nucleus -cytosol is the cell contents, except the inside of all organelles.Why do eukaryotes need compartmentalization? - Answer-eukaryotic cells got too big to have everything happen in one plac3 RNA Polymerase requires a DNA primer to begin Replication? - Answer-false Which amino acid will always be at the N-terminus of newly translated proteins? - AnswerMethionine, Met, M RNA Polymerase requires a DNA template to begin transcription? - Answer-true For a cytosolic protein, which of the following locations would you expect to find an amino acid with a hydrophobic R-group (side chain) - Answer-In the interior of the native folded protein For an integral membrane protein embeded in the lipid bilayer, which of the following locations would you expect to find an amino acid with a hydrophobic R-group (side chain) - Answer-Exposed to the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer For a cytosolic protein, which of the following locations would you expect to find an amino acid with a hydrophobic R-group (side chain - Answer-In the center of the native folded protein How do eukaryotic cells deal with movement of metabolites between enzymes? - Answer-they compartmentalize metabolism into smaller compartments where diffusion can still work how do eukaryotic cells deal with transport of macromolecules around the cell? - Answercytoskeleton with motor proteins to actively move macromolecules around large cells how do eukaryotic cells deal with structural support and maintaining shape of cells - Answer-they are more complex, multi component ECM/cell walls and long, more table cytoskeletal filaments how do eukaryotic cells deal with the movement of cells through the environment? - Answer-multi component wave-form cilla and/or complex, highly coordinated crawling across surfaces how do prokaryotic cells deal with the movement of metabolites between enzymes and transport of macromolecules around the cell? - Answer-the chemical diffusion is fast enough in small cellshow does prokaryotic cells deal with structural support and maintaining shape of cells? - Answersimple cell walls and small cytoskeletal filaments how do prokaryotic cells deal with movement of cells through the environment? - Answer-singleprotein rotary flagella or extrusion based gliding across surfaces in a bacterial cell (prokaryote) almost all metabolism occurs in the ________ - Answer-cytosol