DNA Structure and Analysis-Questions and Answers 100% Correct
DNA Structure and Analysis-Questions and Answers 100% Correct Genetic material - ANSWER-The information that genes contain that can be passed down to a new generation influencing the form and characteristics of each individual (1944) Nucleic acid DNA serves as - ANSWER-the information basis for heredity For a molecule to serve as the genetic material, it must posses four major characteristics: - ANSWER-replication, storage of information, expression of information, and variation by mutation During the formation of gametes, the genetic material is also replicated, but it is - ANSWER-partitioned so that each cell gets only one-half of the original amount of genetic material (the process of meiosis) Most cells contain a complete copy of the organism's genome, - ANSWER-at any point in time they express only a part of this genetic potential Information flow - ANSWER-The process that expresses the stored genetic information within the cell Transcription of DNA - ANSWER-Three main types of RNA molecules are synthesized. mRNAs are translated into proteins, which is the product of a specific gene and directs the synthesis of a different protein Three types of RNA molecules that are synthesized in transcription: - ANSWER-messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA) Translation - ANSWER-The chemical information in mRNA directs the construction of a chain of amino acids (polypeptide) which folds into a protein Central dogma of molecular genetics - ANSWER-DNA makes RNA, which makes proteins The genetic material is also the source of variation among organisms through the process of - ANSWER-mutation - a change in the chemical composition of DNA, which is reflected during transcription and translation, affecting the specific protein 1868 Miescher isolated cell nuclei and derived an acid substance containing DNA that he called - ANSWER-nuclein
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