VCE Psychology unit 2 Graded A

VCE Psychology unit 2 Graded A Attitude an EVALUATION a person makes about an object, person, group, event or issue Tri-component model of attitudes ABC's of attitudes; AFFECTIVE, BEHAVIOURAL, COGNITIVE. All attitudes have the three related components Affective component of an attitude refers to the EMOTIONAL reaction or FEELINGS an individual has towards and object, person group, event or issue. Can result in a positive or negative response. Behavioural component of an attitude refers to the way in which an attitude is expressed through our ACTIONS. Cognitive component of an attitude refer to the BELIEFS we have about an object, person, group, event or issue. They develop as a result of our experiences. Limitations of the tri-component theory - A persons behaviour may not always reflect the attitude they hold. -Many psychologists, namely Richard La Piere (1934) says that attitudes differ from their actual behaviour. Factors influencing attitude formation classical conditioning, operant conditioning and modelling Classical conditioning a simple form of learning which occurs though repeated association of two different stimuli. e.g coca-cola and summer Operant conditioning a kind of learning which is based on the assumption that we tend to repeat behaviour which has a desirable consequence or result Modelling occurs when someone uses observation of another person's actions and their consequences to guide their future thoughts, feelings and behaviours. Stereotyping the process of grouping or 'fitting' people into a category based on what we know about them. Stigma a negative label associated with disapproval or rejection by others who are not labelled in that way. Prejudice literally means 'pre-judgment'. it is often defined as holding a negative attitude towards members of a group, based solely on their membership of that group. Discrimination when prejudice is expressed through behaviour. It refers to a negative behaviour that is directed towards a social group and its members. Factors contributing to the development of prejudice ingroups and outgroups, intergroup conflict and attributions. Attributions the process of trying to explain observed behaviour in terms of a particular cause. Factors that may reduce prejudice Intergroup contact Intergroup contact increasing direct contact between two groups who are prejudicial against each other Obedience occurs when we follow the commands of someone with authority, or the rules or laws of our society Conformity the tendency to adjust ones thoughts, feelings or behaviour in ways what are in agreement with those of a particular individual or group. Ethical issues in Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment The experiment was unethical because people suffered and others were allowed to inflict pain and humiliation. However, the experiment was reviewed and approved by the ethics committee. Milgram's experiment on obedience Electric shock experiment Asch's experiments on conformity Determining longest line experiment Types of power Reward power; Coercive power; Legitimate power; Expert power Reward power Ability to give positive consequences or remove negative consequences in response to specific power Coercive power Ability to give negative consequences or remove positive consequences in response