Pharmacology ATI Final Review (Part 2)

Pharmacology ATI Final Review (Part 2) What routes of medication go through the first pass effect? What routes do not? - FIRST PASS: Oral, enteral NON-FIRST PASS: Sublingual, buccal, IV, SC, IM, ID, Inhalation MIXED: Rectal When should medication reconciliation happen? - On admission, transferring and at discharge. What are the six rights of medication administration? - -Right patient -Right Medication -Right dose -Right time -Right route -Right documentation What are the PINCH medications? - Potassium/PCA Insulin Narcotics Chemo Heparin What should you do in the event of a medicinal error? - -Complete an occurrence report -Document in the EMR what happened. DO NOT state that there was a med error. -Always assess your patientWhat class of medication is Albuterol? What does it do? What side effects are common? Who should you not give them to? What do they interact with? – -Short Acting Beta 2 Adrenergic -Relieves bronchospasms by bronchodilating. (Acute asthma attack) -Tachycardia, anxiety, tremors -Tachydysrhythmias, diabetes, HTN, angina, CVD pts -Beta blockers What are long acting drugs for asthma? - Formoterol, salmeterol How would you teach a patient to use a metered dose inhaler? – -Hold 1-2 inches away. -Exhale. -Press trigger (prime before if new one) -Inhale slowly (3-5 seconds). -Hold breath for 10 seconds. -Rinse your mouth if it's a glucocorticoid- to prevent thrush. -Clean products with water and let dry What are some frequently used glucocorticoids? Adverse effects? Contraindications? Interactions – -Beclomethasone (QVAR) (Inhaled) -Prednisone (Oral); prevent inflammation and suppress mucus. -ADVERSE EFFECTS: Candidiasis, Cushing's, Bone loss, HYPERglycemia, Peptic Ulcer Disease, Infection, fluid and electrolyte disturbances -Live vaccines, systemic fungal infections, diabetes, HTN, PUD, kidney issues -Loop diuretics (K+ wasting), NSAIDs, PO hypoglycemics (counteracts) What is theophylline indicated for? What are the normal levels? Adverse reactions? Contraindications? Interactions? ‘- Long term control of asthma