Gonorrhoea
Bacteria Virus Fungi Protist
An STI passed only during unprotected sexual Salmonella HIV Athlete’s Malaria
intercourse Gonorrhoea TMV foot
The bacteria are mainly found in discharge from Agrobacteriu HPV Rose black
the penis and in vaginal fluid m Measles spot
Symptoms include: Tumefaciens
o A thick green/yellow discharge from the Malaria
vagina or penis
o Pain when urinating The result of a protist called Plasmodium
o Bleeding between periods It spends part of its lifecycle in a female
o Infertility (in women) mosquito and part in humans
o Ectopic pregnancies The protist is stored in the salivary glands
Treated with a single antibiotic injection or of the mosquito so when it next bites a
tablet human they inject the protist in their anti-
It’s become difficult to treat in recent years as the coagulating saliva
Gonorrhoea bacterium is becoming resistant to The protist is then carried to the liver in
the antibiotic penicillin the blood where they infect cells and
It can be prevented by using a barrier method of reproduce
contraception like a condom during sex The infected liver cells burst releasing
thousands more Plasmodium cells into
the blood
Bacterial infections in plants
They now infect large numbers of red
Relatively rare – plant diseases are usually viral blood cells and reproduce inside them
or fungal until they burst
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens is an example of a The mosquito then bites another human
bacterium that can infect plant tissue, causing and the process starts again
uncontrolled growth of cells that can damage or Symptoms include:
even kill a plant o Fever
o Fatigue
o Chills
Fungal Diseases o Sweats
Usually grow on the surface of organisms e.g. o Headaches
athlete’s foot And in some cases, can be fatal
They are common in plants e.g. rose black spot It’s hard to treat using drugs because the
where dark patches appear on leaves, reducing protist gets inside the host cell
photosynthesis and slowing growth Vaccines are also not very effective as
Plants can be sprayed with fungicides and there are many different strains of the
infected areas can be removed protist
Malaria can be prevented by using
mosquito nets
How does the immune system fight disease?
Detect and identify White blood cells recognise the antigens on the surface of invading pathogens as different /
the enemy ‘non-self’ which triggers an immune response
Sound the alarm Activated WBCs release chemicals that attract other WBCs to infected tissues
Kill the intruders WBCs can kill /neutralise the effects of pathogens in 3 ways: engulfing + digesting and
destroying them so they can’t make you ill, releasing unique antibodies(chemicals) to clump
them together so other WBCs can engulf them or by releasing antitoxins to neutralise toxins
Remember attackers Memory WBCs respond rapidly and in higher concentrations if a future infection of the same
pathogen occurs which prevents any symptoms
Bacteria Virus Fungi Protist
An STI passed only during unprotected sexual Salmonella HIV Athlete’s Malaria
intercourse Gonorrhoea TMV foot
The bacteria are mainly found in discharge from Agrobacteriu HPV Rose black
the penis and in vaginal fluid m Measles spot
Symptoms include: Tumefaciens
o A thick green/yellow discharge from the Malaria
vagina or penis
o Pain when urinating The result of a protist called Plasmodium
o Bleeding between periods It spends part of its lifecycle in a female
o Infertility (in women) mosquito and part in humans
o Ectopic pregnancies The protist is stored in the salivary glands
Treated with a single antibiotic injection or of the mosquito so when it next bites a
tablet human they inject the protist in their anti-
It’s become difficult to treat in recent years as the coagulating saliva
Gonorrhoea bacterium is becoming resistant to The protist is then carried to the liver in
the antibiotic penicillin the blood where they infect cells and
It can be prevented by using a barrier method of reproduce
contraception like a condom during sex The infected liver cells burst releasing
thousands more Plasmodium cells into
the blood
Bacterial infections in plants
They now infect large numbers of red
Relatively rare – plant diseases are usually viral blood cells and reproduce inside them
or fungal until they burst
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens is an example of a The mosquito then bites another human
bacterium that can infect plant tissue, causing and the process starts again
uncontrolled growth of cells that can damage or Symptoms include:
even kill a plant o Fever
o Fatigue
o Chills
Fungal Diseases o Sweats
Usually grow on the surface of organisms e.g. o Headaches
athlete’s foot And in some cases, can be fatal
They are common in plants e.g. rose black spot It’s hard to treat using drugs because the
where dark patches appear on leaves, reducing protist gets inside the host cell
photosynthesis and slowing growth Vaccines are also not very effective as
Plants can be sprayed with fungicides and there are many different strains of the
infected areas can be removed protist
Malaria can be prevented by using
mosquito nets
How does the immune system fight disease?
Detect and identify White blood cells recognise the antigens on the surface of invading pathogens as different /
the enemy ‘non-self’ which triggers an immune response
Sound the alarm Activated WBCs release chemicals that attract other WBCs to infected tissues
Kill the intruders WBCs can kill /neutralise the effects of pathogens in 3 ways: engulfing + digesting and
destroying them so they can’t make you ill, releasing unique antibodies(chemicals) to clump
them together so other WBCs can engulf them or by releasing antitoxins to neutralise toxins
Remember attackers Memory WBCs respond rapidly and in higher concentrations if a future infection of the same
pathogen occurs which prevents any symptoms
