Sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction
Carried out in both plants and animals Involves only one parent
Needs 2 parents No gametes needed
Involves gametes – sperm + egg, pollen + No fusion of gametes so no fertilisation
ovule – produced by meiosis Offspring are genetically identical to the parent –
Cell fusion involved at fertilisation clones – no genetic variation
Genetic variety in offspring Common in bacteria and some plants
Uses mitosis
Advantages Disadvantage
s Advantages Disadvanta
Produces Takes time and ges
variation so if the energy to find a Doesn’t require a partner No variation in
environment mate More time and energy the offspring so
changes, they efficient all the plants will
have a survival Not 100% successful Faster be susceptible to
advantage Produces many identical the same
offspring when conditions microbial
Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid, Genes and
are favourable diseases
Chromosomes Clones have all the desired
DNA is a very long chemical found in the nucleus characteristics of the parent
Mitosis
of the cell that is usually folded up into
chromosomes. There are 23 pairs of A stage of cell division where after the chromosomes are
chromosomes in each human nucleus. replicated the nuclear membrane breaks down, the
chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and are pulled
Genes are a section on a chromosome that carry
to opposite sides before the cell structures and cell as a
the information needed to code for a particular
whole divide which creates 2 genetically identical “daughter
sequence of amino acids to make a specific
cells”
protein and therefore characteristic.
Made up of 2
strands, coiled
up to form a 1 long from mum of parent
double helix Diploid –
normal no. of 1 long from dad of parent
chromosomes
This shows how
2 pairs of
chromosomes
divide, humans
have 23
1. A triplet of bases in a DNA strand carries
the code for 1 amino acid
2. Each triplet code determines which
There are multiple
amino acid will be brought to the combinations
ribosome by a carrier molecule for
protein synthesis
3. So the DNA sequence determines which
proteins are made and therefore your Haploid – half the normal no. of chromosomes
characteristics Produces gametes, the number of chromosomes halves but
4. The chain of amino acids is twisted and is restored at fertilization
folded to give 3D protein shape
Carried out in both plants and animals Involves only one parent
Needs 2 parents No gametes needed
Involves gametes – sperm + egg, pollen + No fusion of gametes so no fertilisation
ovule – produced by meiosis Offspring are genetically identical to the parent –
Cell fusion involved at fertilisation clones – no genetic variation
Genetic variety in offspring Common in bacteria and some plants
Uses mitosis
Advantages Disadvantage
s Advantages Disadvanta
Produces Takes time and ges
variation so if the energy to find a Doesn’t require a partner No variation in
environment mate More time and energy the offspring so
changes, they efficient all the plants will
have a survival Not 100% successful Faster be susceptible to
advantage Produces many identical the same
offspring when conditions microbial
Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid, Genes and
are favourable diseases
Chromosomes Clones have all the desired
DNA is a very long chemical found in the nucleus characteristics of the parent
Mitosis
of the cell that is usually folded up into
chromosomes. There are 23 pairs of A stage of cell division where after the chromosomes are
chromosomes in each human nucleus. replicated the nuclear membrane breaks down, the
chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and are pulled
Genes are a section on a chromosome that carry
to opposite sides before the cell structures and cell as a
the information needed to code for a particular
whole divide which creates 2 genetically identical “daughter
sequence of amino acids to make a specific
cells”
protein and therefore characteristic.
Made up of 2
strands, coiled
up to form a 1 long from mum of parent
double helix Diploid –
normal no. of 1 long from dad of parent
chromosomes
This shows how
2 pairs of
chromosomes
divide, humans
have 23
1. A triplet of bases in a DNA strand carries
the code for 1 amino acid
2. Each triplet code determines which
There are multiple
amino acid will be brought to the combinations
ribosome by a carrier molecule for
protein synthesis
3. So the DNA sequence determines which
proteins are made and therefore your Haploid – half the normal no. of chromosomes
characteristics Produces gametes, the number of chromosomes halves but
4. The chain of amino acids is twisted and is restored at fertilization
folded to give 3D protein shape
