pediatric critical care || A Verified A+ Pass.

higher heart and respiratory rate correct answers -tachycardia nonspecific -bradycardia produces significant changes -tachypnea first sign of respiratory distress blood pressure is lower correct answers -unlike adult, last parameter to fall in shock -compensate up to 25% blood loss before SBP falls Pulse pressure correct answers difference between systolic and diastolic pressure aka fore heart generates each time it contracts -more reliable to assess perfusion fontanels close when and are used to assess what? correct answers -close 18 to 24 months -assess hydration status or presence of an increased ICP how do new born reflexes differ? correct answers -babinski reflex is normal until a certain point assessment of LOC correct answers -age appropriate -interaction with environment -paradoxical irritability paradoxical irritability correct answers an increase in the fussiness of a sick child when comforted by a parent. it is considered to be a physical sign of meningitis or of recent child abuse ineffective themoregulation correct answers closely monitor body temperature esp in new borns cardiovascular system correct answers -decreased perfusion skin early and reliable sign of shock -estimated blood volume varies with age: small amount of blood loss may be significant perfusion to skin correct answers -note room temperature -coolness or progression of coolness toward trunk -peripheral cyanosis: only normal in first 24 hours of life -central cyanosis is always bad Airways in infants correct answers -easily obstructed: smaller diameter, easily compressed -avoid overextending or overflexing the neck -infants under 6mo are obligatory nose breathers: secretions, edema, tubes can occlude compliant chest wall correct answers -flexible rib cage -poorly developed intercostal muscles unequal chest wall movement correct answers pneumothorax, et obstruction or displacement diaphragm dependent breather correct answers -abdominal breathing is accessory muscle -seesaw breathing