Med Surg Endocrine system

Med Surg Endocrine system The preoperative teaching for a patient scheduled for a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy should include the instruction that postoperatively, the patient should: A. Avoid Sneezing B. Drink through a straw C. Cough forcefully. D. Wash mouth out with peroxide. A. Avoid Sneezing The nurse is aware that the large flattened features of the patient with acromegaly are caused by an excess of : A. Prolactin B. Growth hormone C. Thyroid-stimulating hormone D. Adrenocorticotropic hormone B. Growth Hormone On an intake physical examination, the nurse questions the patient with diabetes insipidus (DI) about the classic symptoms of that disease, which are: A. Diuresis, tachycardia, and weakness B. Dizziness, hypertension, and excitability. C. Stress incontinence, vomiting, and edema. D. Bradycardia, insomnia, and muscle cramps. A. Diuresis, tachycardia, and weakness The patient with Addison disease asks why she must take hydrocortisone. The nurse clarifies that the drug will: A. Increase cardiac output. B. Regulate the excretion of potassium and sodium. C. Decrease the level of cortisol. D. Lower the blood sugar level. B. Regulate the excretion of potassium and sodium. The patient states that he is confused because the physician told him that his DI is nephrogenic. The nurse explains that nephrogenic DI differs from neurogenic DI in that nephrogenic DI: A. will eventually reslove without medication. B. Requires the nasal spray lypressin. C. Does not respond to ADH. D. Will require dialysis. C. Does not respond to ADH. The nurse is aware that the cardinal indication of a pheochromocytoma is: A. Significant hypertension B. Extreme nausea C. Abdominal pain D. Edema in the legs A. Significant hypertension The nurse caring for a patient with Addison disease suspects adrenal crisis when the patient exhibits: A. Hypertension and abdominal pain B. Confusion and tachycardia C. Bradycardia and nausea D. Widening pulse pressure and shortness of breath B. Confusion and tachycardia In drawing up a teaching plan for a patient with Addison disease, the nurse will include: A. discontinuing hormonal replacement therapy if the patient becomes nauseated or has diarrhea. B. Decreasing medication if the patient is under stress or is being treated for an infection. C. Wearing a medical alert tag and carrying emergency dexamethasone. D. Beginning a vigorous exercise program to overcome weakness and muscle wasting. C. Wearing a medical alert tag and carrying emergency dexamethasone. The patient with long-term asthma develops Cushing syndrome. The nurse explains that this condition is probably the result of: A. Taking corticosteroids for many years. B. Abruptly withdrawing cortisone therapy. C. Lack of ACTH, related to the pituitary gland. D. Poorly functioning adrenal glands. A. Taking carticosteroids for many years. The hallmark findings expected when assessing a patient with Cushing syndrome are: A. Edema of the trunk, extremities, and face. B. Wasting of the abdomen with thick, calloused skin. C. Excess adipose tissue in the trunk, slender extremities, and moon face. D. High levels of potassium and low levels of sodium, weakness, and wasting. C. Excess adipose tissue in the trunk, slender extremities, and moon face. The nurse assessing a patient with Simmonds cachexia anticipates that the patient will exhibit: A. High body temperature B. Ruddy complexion C. Silky body hair D. Muscle wasting D. Muscle wasting The mother of a 6-foot, 2-inch, 16-year-old girl who is being treated for hyperpituitarism says, "I can't stand it that my beautiful daughter is a freak." The nurse's best response is: A. "Gigantism is treatable." B. "Her height could help her be a basketball star or a model." C. "What is it about her height that makes her a freak?" D. "All parents feel responsible when their children have problems." C. "What is it about her height that makes her a freak?" Upgrade to remove ads Only $3.99/month The nurse clarifies that the drug, octreotide (Sandostatin), is a treatment for acromegaly and will" A. Reverse the effects of acromegaly. B. Be given on a daily basis by injection. C. Increase insulin secretion causing hypoglycemia. D. Suppress the growth hormone. D. Suppress the growth hormone. Two days after a hypophysectomy the patient complains of a headache and nuchal rigidity. Based on these assessments the nurse should: A. Medicate with the prescribed analgesic. B. Report suspected meningitis to the head nurse. C. Closely monitor the patient's blood pressure. D. Elevate the head of the bed to 45 degrees. B. Report suspected meningitis to the head nurse. When assessing the patient with a diagnosis of SIADH durinig an intake interview, the nurse expects that the patient will complain of: (select all that apply) A. Headache B. Hypotension C. Weight gain D. Muscle cramps E. Weakness A. Headache C. Weight gain D. Muscle cramps E. Weakness When the 18-year-old girl is diagnosed with adenoma of the anterior pituitary gland, the nurse assesses for the classic signs of this diagnosis, which are: (select all that apply) A. Cessation of menses. B. Milk production C. Changing facial features. D. Excessive urine output. E. Weight gain A. Cessation of menses B. Milk production C. Changing facial features. E. Weight Gain The nurse explain that growth hormone will be given to the child with hypopituitarism on a scheduled basis until the child reaches the height of ___________. A. 5 ft B. 36 inches C. 5 ft 6 inches D. 6 ft A. 5 ft When the patient starts taking a saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI), the nurse should instruct the patient to: A. Sip medication through a straw to prevent tooth staining. B. double the dose if a dose is missed. C. Expect excessive salivation. D. Take before meals. A. Sip medication through a straw to prevent tooth staining. The patient asks about his laboratory test, which showed a high level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and low level of T4. You explain that: A. "It means that you have an inconsistency in your thyroid tests, and you will need more testing." B. "I am sorry. You will have to ask your physician about your laboratory results. We are not allowed to discuss them." C. "The TSH is sending a message to your thyroid gland to increase production, but your thyroid isn't producing enough hormone." D. "That means that you will have to go on hormone therapy for the rest of your life." C. The TSH is sending a message to your thyroid gland to increase production, but your thyroid isn't producing enough hormone." The patient with exophthalmos is distressed about her appearance and asks when it will go away. The nurse's best and most informative response would be based on the knowledge that exophthalmos: A. is not reversible. B. Can be disguised with sunglasses and makeup. C. Usually subsides after medication for hyperthyroidism is started. D. Can be minimized with plastic surgery to the eyelids. C. Usually subsides after medication for hyperthyroidism is started. The nurse clarifies the pathophysiologic changes of Graves disease by saying: A. "Your thyroid gland is not producing enough hormones; consequently, you will need replacement therapy." B. "Your thyroid gland is overactive, but there are ways to treat it- through medicine or surgery." C. "It's an auto immune disorder that has no satisfactory treatment." D. "Graves disease is a temporary disorder that will gradually subside." B. "Your thyroid gland is overactive, but there are ways to treat it-through medicine or surgery." The nurse assessing a patient 1 day after a subtotal thyroidectomy notes that the patient's color is poor, the pulse and respiration's are rapid, and she feels warm to the touch. the patient says that she feels frightened. the nurse's initial implementation should be to: A. Tell her that there is nothing to be afraid of, and to stay to calm her. B. Ask her if she would like pain medication. C. Call the charge nurse; these are signs of a thyroid storm. D. Get a tracheostomy set at the bedside. C. Call the charge nurse; these are signs of a thyroid storm. The patient, newly diagnosed with hypothyroidsm, is anxious to begin her drug regimen. The nurse's instructions relative to hormone replacement include: A. "Be certain that no dose is skipped." B. "Be sure and take these drugs just before bedtime." C. "Know the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism." D. "You will be able to notice the benefits of thyroid replacement therapy right away." C. "Know the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism." On returning form surgery after undergoing a thyroidectomy, the patient is alarmed about the large tracheostomy tray on the bedside table. when she asks why it is there, the nurse's most reassuring response would be: A. "We have it there as a precautionary measure in the unlikely event that you have difficulty breathing." B. "If you start bleeding, we'll be able to take care of it right here at the bedside." C. "We have to keep it there in case of an emergency and the physician needs it." D. "It's hospital policy to have it available for persons who are likely to have respiratory arrest." A. "We have it there as a precautionary measure in the unlikely event that you have difficulty breathing." To assess for hemorrhage in a post thyroidectomy patient the nurse should: A. Assess upper chest for the patient positioned in high Fowler position. B. Turn the patient to the side to check; the patient must be kept flat in the bed. C. Lift up the neck dressing to assess for excessive bleeding. D. Examine behind patient's neck and upper back to assess for hemorrhage. D. Examine behind patients neck and upper back to assess for hemorrhage. Food such as soybeans, turnips and rutabagas can have an effect on persons with a thyroid disorder by: A. Suppressing thyroid hormone B. Decreasing the hypothermia of the person with hypothyroidism C. Supplementing the diet of a person with hypothyroidism D. Counteracting the effect of iodide therapy A. Suppressing thyroid hormone An older patient with hypothyroidism asks why her daily dose of thyroid hormone, which she has taken for 15 years, has been reduced. The nurse's best response would be that the decreased dose is related to: A. Improved efficacy of the thyroid preparation B. Age-related reduction in metabolic rate C. Drug-related hypertrophy of the thyroid D. Changes in your diet and activity level B. Age-related reduction in metabolic rate The nurse taking the blood pressure of a patient who had a total thyroidectomy 2 days earlier notes that the patient's hand goes into a carpopedal spasm; the nurse recognizes this movement as an indication of: A. Hyperkalemia, called the Allen sign B. Hypernatremia, called the Hogan sign C. Hypocalcemia, called the Trousseau sign D. Hypokalemia, called the Chvostek sign C. Hypocalcemia, called the Trousseau sign In initiatinig the Chvostek sign, the nurse will: A. Ask the patient to grimace, and note if the facial response is symmetrical. B. Inflate a blood pressure cuff to the systolic level, and watch for a carpopedal spasm. C. Tap the face over the facial nerve, and watch for a spasm of the facial muscle. D. Check the pupillary response to light, and determine whether the pupil accommodates and reacts. C. Tap the face over the facial nerve, and watch for a spasm of the facial muscle. The nurse would anticipate that the patient with hyperparathyroidism would exhibit a history of: A. Fatigue, hyperactive reflexes, muscle cramps, and twitching. B. Poor muscle tone, bone pain, urinary calculi, and fractures. C. Hunger, thirst, and urinary retention. D. Tachycardia, air hunger, and nervousness B. Poor muscle tone, bone pain, urinary calculi, and fractures. The patient being treated for hyperparathyroidism is to receive calcitonin (Calcimar). Before administering this drug, the patient should be: A. Assessed for hydration status B. Evaluated for cardiac dysrhythmia C. Tested for sensitivity D. X-rayed for the presence of urinary calculi B. Evaluated for cardiac dysrhythmia The nurse recommends the use of salt that is iodized because iodized salt: A. Can prevent the development of goiter in adults and cretinism in infants. B. Can help prevent hypothyroidism. C. Is instrumental in preventing tumors of the parathyroid gland. D. Works as an important component of thyroid replacement therapy. A. Can prevent the development of goiter in adults and cretinism in infants. The patient who has hypothyroidism can live a full and normal life if he is: A. Taught the importance of taking his antithyroid medication until it is no longer needed. B. Able to exercise to burn extra calories and maintain a normal weight. C. Taught to take care of his energy needs through adequate nutrition. D. Treated with thyroid replacement therapy. D. Treated with thyroid replacement therapy. The nurse explains to the patient that the presurgical protocol of antithyroid drugs is given to: (select all that apply) A. Decrease the level of hormone in the blood before surgery. B. Help reduce the risk of hemorrhage during surgery. C. Decrease the threat of a thyroid storm. D. Reduce exophthalmia. E. Increase weight A. decrease the level of hormone in the blood before surgery. B. help reduce the risk of hemorrhage during surgery. C. Decrease the threat of a thyroid storm. D. Reduce exophthalmia The home health care nurse is aware that hypothyroidism is frequently overlooked in older adults because: (select all that apply) A. Signs and symptoms are subtle B. Signs and symptoms are discounted as age-related changes. C. Weight changes in the older adult are not pronounced. D. Older adults are not susceptible to thyroid disorders. E. Decrease in mental function is attributed to dementia. A. signs and symptoms are subtle B. Signs and symptoms are discounted as age-related changes. C. Weight changes in the older adult are not pronounced. E. Decrease in mental function is attributed to dementia. Congenital hypothyroidism, if left untreated, will result in_____________. A. cretinism B. dwarfism C. addison's disease D. cushing's disease A. Cretinism The nurse explains that type 1 diabetes mellitus is a disease in which the body does not produce enough insulin; consequently, the blood glucose is elevated because of the: A. Prolonged elevation of stress hormone (cortisol, epinephrine, glucagon, growth hormone) levels. B. Malfunction of the glycogen-storing capabilities of the liver. C. Destruction of the beta cells in the pancreas. D. Insulin resistance of the receptor cells in the muscle tissue. C. Destruction of the beta cells in the pancreas. When a patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus asks the nurse why she has to take a pill instead of insulin, the nurse replies that in type 2 diabetes mellitus, the body makes insulin but: A. overweight and under active people cannot simply use the insulin produced. B. Metabolism is slowed in some people so they have to take a pill to speed up their metabolism. C. Sometimes the autoimmune system works against the action of the insulin. D. The cells become resistant to the action of insulin. Pills are given to increase the sensitivity. D. the cells become resistant to the action of insulin. Pills are given to increase the sensitivity. A patient tells the nurse that she eats "huge" amounts of food but stays hungry most of the time. The nurse explains that hunger experienced by persons with type 1 diabetes is caused by the: A. Excess amount of glucose B. Need for additional calories to correct the increased metabolism C. Fact that the cells cannot use the blood glucose D. Need for exercise to stimulate insulin secretion. C. Fact that the cells cannot use the blood glucose. The nurse stresses that the patient with type 1 diabetes is at risk for cardiovascular disorders because the lack of insulin causes: A. high glucose levels that irritate and shrink the vessels. B. inadequate metabolism of proteins, which causes ketosis. C. increased fatty acid levels. D. Increased metabolism of ketones, which causes hypertension. C. Increased fatty acid levels. The self-care goal of the patient with diabetes is to keep the blood sugar level normal. Hyperglycemia occurs when: A. Blood glucose levels rise, stimulating the production of insulin. B. Insulin conversion of glycogen to glucose is inhibited. C. The body responds to glucose-starved tissues by changing stored glycogen into glucose. D. Glycogen is unable to be stored in the liver and muscles. C. The body responds to glucose-starved tissues by changing stored glycogen into glucose. When the patient with type 2 diabetes says, "Why in the world are they looking at my hemoglobin? I thought my problem was with my blood sugar." The nurse responds that the level of hemoglobin A1c: A. Shows how a high level of glucose can cause a significant drop in the hemoglobin level. B. Shows what the glucose level has done during the last 3 months. C. Indicates a true picture of the patient's nutritional state. D. Reflects the effect of a high level of glucose on the ability to produce red blood cells (RBCs). B. Shows what the glucose level has done during the last 3 months. The nurse assigned to care for a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is aware that this is a lifethreatening condition that results in: A. Inability of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to be metabolized. B. Storage of glycogen, resulting in a severe shortage of glucose in the bloodstream. C. Dangerously elevated pH and bicarbonate levels in the blood. D. Severe hypoglycemia, which can result in coma and convulsions. A. Inability of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to be metabolized. The patient has been admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of DKA. The nurse anticipates that the patient will exhibit vital signs of: A. Temperature, 99 F; Pulse, 62 beats/min; respiration's, 16 breaths/min and shallow. B. Temperature, 98.6 F; pulse 76 beats/min; respiration's 16 breaths/min and deep. C. Temperature, 98 F; 84 beats/min; respiration's 18 breaths/min and shallow. D. Temperature, 97.4 F; pulse, 100 beats/min; respiration's 20 breaths/min and deep D. Temperature, 97.4 F; pulse, 100 beats/min; respiration's 20 breaths/min and deep As part of the teaching plan in preparation for discharge, the patient with type 1 diabetes needs guidelines for exercise. which one of the following must be included? A. Plan exercise so that it coincides with the peak action of insulin B. Insulin should be injected into the lower extremity before exercise because that site provides the greatest absorption. C. Exercise should be performed daily at the same time of day and at the same intensity. D. Keep exercise at a minimum to conserve your energy C. Exercise should be performed daily at the same time of day and at the same intensity. The nurse is drawing up a teaching plan for a patient who has type 1 diabetes. The physician has ordered two types of insulin, 10 U of regular insulin and 35 U of neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin. the proper procedure is to: A. Draw up the insulins in two separate syringes to avoid confusion. B. Draw up the regular insulin before drawing up the NPH insulin. C. Inject air into the NPH insulin, draw it up to 35 U, then inject air into the clear regular insulin and withdraw to 45 U. D. Inject 35 U air into the NPH insulin, inject 10 U air into the regular insulin, withdraw 10 U of the regular insulin, and withdraw 35 U of the NPH insulin. D. Inject 35 U air into the NPH insulin, inject 10 U air into the regular insulin, withdraw 10 U of the regular insulin, and withdraw 35 U of the NPH insulin. A patient has come into the emergency department accompanied by a friend who states that the patient had been acting very strange and seems confused. The friend states that the patient has diabetes and takes insulin. The nurse assesses for signs of hypoglycemia which are: A. slow pulse rate and low blood pressure. B. irritability, anxiety, confusion, and dizziness C. Flushing, anger, and forgetfulness D. Sleepiness, edema, and sluggishness B. Irritability, anxiety, confusion, and dizziness. The teaching plan for a 22-year-old woman taking rosiglitazone (Avandia) would include a caution relative to: A. Deceased effectiveness of her birth control pills. B. Excessive exposure to the sun C. Sudden drop in blood pressure with dizziness D. Possible severe diarrhea A. Decreased effectiveness of her birth control pills The patient with type 1 diabetes has an insulin order for NPH insulin, 35 U, to be given at 7 AM. The patient has also been instructed not to take anything by mouth (NPO) in preparation for laboratory work that will not be drawn until 10 AM. the nurse should: A. Give the insulin as ordered. B. Give the insulin with a small snack C. Inform the charge nurse. D. Hold the insulin until after the blood draw. D. Hold the insulin until after the blood draw. In drawing up a patients diabetes teaching plan, the nurse needs to include the following: A. Develop an exercise plan, because regular exercise helps control blood glucose levels. B. Monitor blood sugar levels only if not feeling well to ensure that the fingertips are not pricked too much. C. If nervousness, palpitations, or hunger are experienced, take small dose (1 to 2 U) of regular insulin and call the physician. D. Use over-the-counter measures for any foot blisters, calluses, or wounds before seeking medical help. A. Develop an exercise plan, because regular exercise helps control blood glucose levels. A patient who has been diagnosed with endogenous hypoglycemia most likely has: A. Taken an overdose of hypoglycemic drugs. B. Been following a very restricted fasting diet or is malnourished. C. Excessive secretion of insulin or an increase in glucose metabolism. D. Exercised unwittingly without replenishing needed fluids and nutrients. C. Excessive secretion of insulin or an increase in glucose metabolism. The nurse administering Humulin R 20 U at 7 AM is aware that this drug will peak in: A. 15 minutes B. 30 Minutes C. 1 hour D. 2 hours D. 2 hours The nurse suspects that the patient with type 1 diabetes may be experiencing the Somogyi phenomenon when the patient exhibits: A. Headache on awakening and enuresis B. 6 AM blood sugar of 58 and nausea C. abdominal pain and elevated blood pressure. D. Drowsiness and disorientation after eating. A. Headache on awakening and enuresis The patient has been admitted with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNS). Her blood glucose level is very high (880 mg/dl) on admission. The physician believes that her condition is the result of large amounts of glucose solutions administered intravenously (IV) during kidney dialysis. the nurse anticipates that the patient would exhibit: A. Fruity breath and a high level of ketones in her urine B. Severe dehydration and hypernatremia caused by the hyperglycemia C. Exactly the same symptoms and signs as DKA D. Kussmaul respirations, nausea, and vomiting B. Severe dehyration and hypernatremia caused by the hyperglycemia The nurse tells a patient that the functional causes of hypoglycemia include: (select all that apply) A. Dumping syndrome B. Overuse of insulin C. Addison disease D. Prolonged muscular exercise. E. Chronic alcoholism A. Dumping syndrome C. Addison disease D. Prolonged muscular exercise E. Chronic alcoholism The teaching plan for a patient with diabetes for foot care would include that the patient should: (select all that apply) A. Wash and carefully dry the feet everyday. B. Apply lotion between the toes. C. Protect the feet from extreme temperatures. D. Walk barefoot only indoors. E. Buy shoes that are comfortable and supportive. A. Wash and carefully dry the feet every day. C. Protect the feet from extreme temperatures. E. Buy shoes that are comfortable and supportive. The teaching plan for a patient with diabetes is focused on smoking cessation and the control of hypertension for the avoidance of microvascular complications, such as: (select all that apply) A. Macular degeneration B. End-stage renal disease C. Coronary artery disease D. Peripheral vascular disease E. Cerebrovascular accident A. macular degeneration B. end-stage renal disease Whipple triad, which is the diagnostic criterion for hypoglycemia not associated with diabetes mellitus, is described as follows: (select all that apply) A. Symptoms of hypoglycemia are present. B. Low blood glucose levels are documented when symptoms are present. C. Symptoms can be reproduced with an injection of regular insulin, 10 U. D. Muscular activity does not have any effect on blood glucose. E Symptoms improved when the blood glucose level rises. A. Symptoms of hypoglycemia are present. B. Low blood glucose levels are documented when symptoms are present. E Symptoms improved when the blood glucose level rises. The nurse instructs a patient about how insulin affects blood glucose. (Arrange the events in sequence) A. Beta cells are stiumlated to release insulin B. Glucose enters the bloodstream C. Glycogen is converted to glucose by alpha cells (glycogenesis) D. Glycogen is stored in the liver. E. Insulin transports glucose to muscle cells B. Glucose enters the bloodstream A. Beta cells are stimulated to release insulin. E. Insulin transports glucose to muscles cells. D. Glycogen is stored in the liver C. Glycogen is converted to glucose by alpha cells (glycogenesis) Bromocriptine (Parlodel) is a pituitary hormone suppressant that acts to ________. A. Inhibit the production of clotting factor VIII from the posterior pituitary gland. B. Inhibit the release of prolactin from the anterior pituitary gland. C. Suppress the release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland. D. suppress the release of antidiuretic hormone from the anterior pituitary gland. B. Inhibit the release of prolactin from the anterior pituitary gland. Two hormones produced by the posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis) are __________. A. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin B. growth hormone (GH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). C. thyroid -stimulating hormone (TSH) and growth hormone (GH) D. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). A. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin A patient has undergone a cerebral angiogram and the arterial access catheter has been removed. The nurse should apply pressure to the arterial puncture site for _______. A. 5 minutes B. 15 minutes C. 25 minutes. D. 30 minutes B. 15 minutes A pituitary adenoma is most commonly found in patients with ________. A. Addison disease B. hypopituitarism C. hyperpituitarism D. Cushing disease C. hyperpituitarism The most reliable test for acromegaly is the __________. A. parathyroid hormone B. cortisol level C. thyroid-stimulating hormone level D. glucose tolerance test D. glucose tolerance test Excessive output of dilute urine from an antidiuretic hormone (ADH) abnormality is characteristic of __________. A. hyperthyroidism B. diabetes insipidus C. diabetes mellitus D. adrenal insufficiency B. Diabetes insipidus A common electrolyte imbalance found in patient with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone is _________. A. hyponatremia B. hyperkalemia C. hyperglycemia D. hypochloremia A. hyponatremia Maintenance of extracellular fluid volume is controlled by _____. A. prolactin B. glucocorticoids C. mineralocorticoids D. thyroid-stimulating hormone C. mineralocorticoids A 42-year-old woman reports excessive weight gain in the abdomen and shoulders, excessive hair growth on her face, and an intermittent menses. The reported signs are associated with ______. A. Addison disease B. Cushing syndrome C. gigantism D. diabetes insipidus B. Cushing syndrome A tumor of the adrenal medulla causing excessive secretion of catecholamines and resulting in hypertension is a ______. A. leiomyoma B. sarcoma C. pituitary tumor D. Pheochromocytoma D. Pheochromocytoma The thyroid gland is located in the _______. A. apex of the lung B. brain C. anterior neck D. abdomen C. anterior neck Of the following information obtained during a health history, what would indicate a possible thyroid problem? A. eats three well-balanced meals a day B. Has gained 15 pounds in the past 3 months C. sleeps 8 hours a night D. reports a regular menstrual cycle B. Has gained 15 pounds in the last 3 months Why are vital signs important in assessing thyroid function? A. It's good practice B. Vital signs are part of the assessment. C. The patient expects it. D. Vital signs reflect the metabolic rate. D. Vital signs reflect the metabolic rate. If a patient has hypothyroidism, what would the thyroid-stimulating hormone level be? A. Increased B. Decreased C. Normal D. Not used to evaluate hypothyroidism A. Increased The most visible sign of Graves disease is ________. A. swelling of the neck B. exophthalmus C. weight loss D. irritability C. Weight loss Facial edema that is associated with long-term untreated hypothyroidism is called _________. A. cretinism B. myxedema C. tetany D. thyroiditis B. myxedema Thyroid storm is prevented by administering what medications before a thyroidectomy? A. Thyroid replacement hormones B. Thyroid-stimulating drugs C. Can't be prevented D. Antithyroid drugs D. Antithyroid drugs Enlargement of the thyroid gland is called _______. A. hypothyroidism B. Graves disease C. goiter D. myxedema C. Goiter What is the function of the parathyroid glands? A. regulate potassium levels B. regulate sodium levels C. regulate serum calcium levels D. regulate the thyroid gland C. Regulate serum calcium levels The most common cause of hyperparathyroidism is ______. A. an adenoma B. Wilson disease C. accidental removal or damage of the parathyroid glands D. hypothyroidism A. an adenoma Insulin that is produced by a person's body is _____. A. exogenous B. genetic C. endogenous D. synthetic C. endogenous Excessive glucose in the bloodstream increase its osmolality, which initially causes the patient to experience ______. A. polyphagia B. polyuria C. hypoglycemia D. polydipsia D. polydipsia People of which cultural background are most likely to develop diabetes mellitus? A. African-American B. Hispanic C. Asian D. European B. Hispanic Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of which of the following disorders? A. End-stage renal disease B. Cancer C. Rheumatoid arthritis D. Gangrene A. End-stage renal disease Which of the following blood glucose levels is considered moderate hypoglycemia? A. 40 mg/dl B. 55 mg/dl C. 75 mg/dl D. 100 mg/dl B. 55 mg/dl The appropriate treatment for a hospitalized unconscious patient with hypoglycemia would be _______. A. 6 ounces of orange juice B. a piece of candy C. an intramuscular injection of glucagon D. putting sugar under the tongue to dissolve C. an intramuscular injection of glucagon The most likely cause of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is _______. A. overeating B. taking too much insulin C. not taking enough insulin D. drinking alcohol C. not taking enough insulin One of the primary goals in treating diabetes mellitus is ________. A. gaining weight B. decreasing insulin use C. stabilizing glucose levels D. treating complications C. Stabilizing glucose levels Which of the following is an example of intermediate-acting insulin? A. Lispro B. Regular insulin C. Ultralente D. NPH insulin D. NPH insulin Hypoglycemia caused by drinking alcohol on an empty stomach is considered a(n) ____________. A. exogenous cause B. endogenous cause C. functional cause D. natural cause C. functional cause