Fixed Income LIII Practice Test (Answered) Verified Solution

Fixed Income LIII Practice Test (Answered) Verified Solution Expected Excess Return (s x t) - (changeins x SD) - (t x p x l) Interpolated Yields 1) Your Bond Interest Rate = (Wi x Duration Bond A) + ((1 - Wi) x Duration Bond B) 2) (w)(int. rate) + (1-w)(int. rate) 3) Your Bond Int. Rate - weighted average interest rate Empirical Duration Duration determined by regression analysis of the historical relationship between security prices and yields Investment-Grade - Default-Risk and Credit Spread Lower and narrower compared to IG Narrowing of Spreads During Market Expansion Narrow more for HY relative to IG, meaning outperformance in rising rate environment (lower empirical duration) Carry Trade Executed by selling bonds with low yields and investing in bonds with high yields thereby earning a yield advantage when positions are carried over the investment period Carry Trade - YC Steepness Base your carry trade off of the STEEPER YC Intermarket Carry Trade - Duration Neutral The carry trade will have positive duration and will need to be hedged by SELLING long-dated bonds in the OPPOSITE market and BUYING ST Bonds in that market (i.e., if your carry trade is in US, carry out the neutral duration in the other state) Intermarket Carry Trade - Cash Neutral Buy the same market value in one market that is sold in the other - If cash neutral, NO NEED to hedge currency exposure Expected Return - Formula Income Yield + Rolldown Return + Change in price due to changes in yield and credit spread +/- credit g/l +/- Currency g/l Rolling Yield - Formula Income Yield + Rolldown Return Income Yield - Formula Annual Coupon / Current Bond PORT Price Rolldown Return - Formula (Bond price end of horizon period - Bond price beginning of horizon period) / (bond price beginning of horizon period) Roll-Down Return - Assumption Based on projected price change if YC DOES NOT CHANGE Changes in Yield and Credit Spread - Formula (-SD x Change in spread) + (.5 x convexity x change in spread^2) Leveraged Return - Formula Rl + (Vb / Ve)(Rl -Rb) Increase Duration With Swap Receive Fixed, Pay Floating - Borrowing sort rates to invest at longer rates Futures on Fixed Income Securities Leverage, taking long positions in FI futures allows for upside of buying that notional amount of bonds with small initial outlay to post margin Repos - Leverage Way to borrow the funds necessary to leverage a PORT - Substance of transaction is borrowing funds using securities as collateral for loan Fixed Income - 3 Characteristics - Predictable cash flows can be used to meet recurring payout needs - Diversification due to low correlation with equities - Inflation hedging low unless have floating rate not bonds FI Correlation to Equity in Downturns Even MORE NEGATIVE during downturns