ANT 100 midterm 1(evo. and arch.) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

ANT 100 midterm 1(evo. and arch.) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass Evolutionary Anthropology(Evo. lec 1) - Answer- - application of modern evolutionary theory to studies of morphology, ecology, and behaviour of human and non-human primates Carolus Linnaeus()(Evo. lec 1) - Answer- - father of taxonomy - helped create system of species classification Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon()(Evo. lec 1) - Answer- - founded biogeography - came up w/ idea that species change over time - compared similar structures across species(ex: forearms change in different species) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's theory(Evo. lec 1) - Answer- - Theory of Acquired characteristics - believed that adaptations organisms acquired in lifetime were able to be passed down Why is variation important in evolution(Evo. lec 1) - Answer- - allows for advantageous genes to be passed down Charles Darwin (Evo. lec 1) - Answer- - Hated slavery, married his cousin - Though there was no way fixity of species could work - Thought the world had to be older - Thought that a unique condition becomes common in species - Darwin never really debated his ideas Darwin and Natural Selection(Evo. lec 1) - Answer- 1. Individuals in species have inherited variation 2. species produce more offspring than can survive 3. must compete to survive and reproduce 4. as variations accumulate over time, new species arise 5. Things have better sex than others, this lets them adapt Alfred Russel Wallace() (Evo. lec 1) - Answer- - Darwin admirer - Threatened to present Darwin's theory publicly because Darwin was waiting too long 3 Postulates of Darwinian Evolution - Answer- 1. Struggle for existence (organisms can't expand infinitely) 2. Variation in fitness (helps to survive and reproduce) 3. Inheritance of variation (traits inherited, bad ones are lost) Sexual selection(Evo. lec 1) - Answer- - natural selection on variables that affect mating success - Intraspecific competition(between species) Survival of the fittest (Herbert Spencer) (Evo. lec 1) - Answer- - NOT Darwinian - Promotes racism and eugenics (Nazi's liked this) - Darwin hated this idea Gregor Mendel(1822-84) (Evo. lec 1) - Answer- - Priest - Experimented on pea plants (to see how inheritance worked) Conclusions of Gregor Mendel(Evo. lec 1) - Answer- - inheritance determined by genes - idea of genes being dominant or recessive - one gamete from each parent fuse to make offspring - offspring randomly inherit one gamete per parent Microevolution(Evo. lec 2) - Answer- - genetic basis of inheritance and biological evolution, population genetics, natural selection and adaptation Macroevolution(Evo. lec 2) - Answer- - speciation - how evolution works on a grand scale - modern synthesis of evolution Modern evolutionary synthesis(Evo. lec 2) - Answer- - emphasizes combined action of: - random mutation - natural selection - genetic drift - gene flow Genetics(Evo. lec 2) - Answer- - somatic cells: all cells(body cells) - gametes: sex cells(sperm + egg) - cytoplasm: stuff which keeps organelles of cell - nucleus: organelle that has DNA coding Chromosomes(Evo. lec 2) - Answer- - contains DNA - humans have 23 pairs DNA molecules(Evo. lec 2) - Answer- - double helix shape - G-C and A-T base pairs - contains deoxyribose sugar RNA molecules(Evo. lec 2) - Answer- - helps w/ creation of protein - single strand - G-C and A-U base pairs