NBCE - Part 1 / Biochemistry - Irene Gold Review Questions with complete & Updated Solutions

NBCE - Part 1 / Biochemistry - Irene Gold Review Questions with complete & Updated Solutions All amino acids are L-form except? - Answer ️️ -glycine T/F - All amino acids are amphoteric? - Answer ️️ -T What does amphoteric mean? - Answer ️️ -Can act as either an acid or a base What are the essential amino acids? - Answer ️️ -P = phenylalanine V = valine T = tryptophan T = threonine I = isoleucine M = methionine H = histidine A = arginine L = leucine L = lycine T/F - histidine is essential in a child but not an adult? - Answer ️️ -True What are the purely ketogenic amino acids? - Answer ️️ -Leucine and Lysine What amino acid is the precursor for carnitine? - Answer ️️ -Lysine What is the function of carnitine? - Answer ️️ -takes FA into mitochondria for beta-oxidation What are the aromatic amino acids? - Answer ️️ -phenylalanine tyrosine tryptophan What is unique about tryptophan? - Answer ️️ -It has an indole ring What are the sulfur-containing amino acids? - Answer ️️ -cysteine, methionine, and cystine 2 cysteines linked together make what? - Answer ️️ -cysteine What are the branched chain amino acids? - Answer ️️ -isoleucine, leucine and valine Maple syrup urine disease is a defect in? - Answer ️️ -the bodies ability to breakdown branched chain amino acids What are the acidic amino acids? - Answer ️️ -aspartate and glutamate What does aspartame contain that makes it neurotoxic in excess? - Answer ️️ - aspartic acid (aspartate) What are the basic amino acids? - Answer ️️ -histidine, lysine and arginine T/F - basic amino acids have the smallest positive net charge at NORMAL pH of blood? - Answer ️️ -F - greatest positive net charge Wheat is lacking in which aa? - Answer ️️ -lysine Rice is lacking in which aa? - Answer ️️ -lysine Legumes are lacking in which aa? - Answer ️️ -tryptophan Maize is lacking in which aa's? - Answer ️️ -lysine and tryptophan Pulses are lacking in what aa? - Answer ️️ -Methionine (or cysteine) Eggs and chicken are lacking in what aa? - Answer ️️ -none Phenylketonuria is a deficiency in which enzyme and limits conversion of which two amino acids? - Answer ️️ -Phenylalanine hydroxylase; cannot convert phenylalanine to tyrosine Tyrosine is the precursor for what neurotransmitters? - Answer ️️ -L-dopa -- dopamine -- norepinephrine -- epinephrine (catecholamines) Tyrosine is a precursor for what pigment? - Answer ️️ -L-dopa -- melanin (skin pigmentation) Albinism is a problem with the conversion of what? - Answer ️️ -L-dopa -- melanin What hormones can tyrosine be converted to? - Answer ️️ -T3, T4 What is melatonin derived from? - Answer ️️ -Tryptophan -- serotonin -- melatonin What is histamine derived from? - Answer ️️ -Histidin