WGU - Health, Fitness, and Wellness - C458 Exam With Complete Solutions 2024/2025

WGU - Health, Fitness, and Wellness - C458 Exam With Complete Solutions 2024/2025 Structures of the Skeletal System: - answer· Joint-two bones that come together at a joint, which vary in type, allows for movement · Cartilage- a tough but flexible tissue that covers the ends of bones · Ligament- connective tissue that binds one bone to another. · Tendons- connective tissues that attaches to the bone. Aides in movement of bone or structure. striated muscle - answer· (skeletal muscle)-moves all bones, controls facial expressions, and eye movements. smooth muscle - answer· (visceral muscle) lines the walls of the internal organs, such as the intestines. cardiac muscle - answer· (unique) is a combination of striated and smooth muscle. central nervous system - answer(brain and spinal cord)- messages travel through the spinal cord to the brain, and the brain in response directs all functions for the body peripheral nervous system - answerconsists of all nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. They relay messages between the CNS and other areas of the body, including sensory organs. Respiratory system key structures and organs - answer· consists of lungs, passageways for air flow, blood vessels, and muscles. · They work together to bring oxygen into the body and expel carbon dioxide, that is produced during metabolism. · Lungs-primary organ- which exchange gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) during breathing. upper respiratory tract - answernose, pharynx (throat), and larynx (voice box) lower respiratory tract - answer· trachea, (windpipe), bronchial tree, and lungs Respiration - answerevents that deliver oxygen into the body followed by the transfer of carbon dioxide out of the body. This occurs in tiny air sacks called alveoli. Respiratory Process - answeroxygen is delivered from the air through the respiratory passages into the air sacks in the lungs. Oxygen move int the blood in the capillaries. Carbon dioxide moves from blood to air sacks through respiratory passages and is expelled through mouth or nose. cardiovascular system - answerconsists of heart and blood vessels; The heart is a pump that has four chambers: two upper chambers and two lower chambers; Two categories of blood vessels- arteries and veins; Arteries- carry blood away from the heart to the body tissues; Veins- carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart; ARTERY BLOOD VESSELS- muscles on left of heart pump take blood out of the heart through the AORTA (largest artery) circulation - answerprovides supply of nutrients and oxygen to the body's cells through the flow of blood. digestive systems function - answerFour functions-ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination digestive system organs - answerMouth-food broken down by teeth and saliva Esophagus- tube 9-10 inches long connected to stomach Stomach-helps digest food, by mixing it with digestive juices and churning it into a thin liquid Small intestine- absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream Large Intestine-Undigested food and fluids that exit small intestine, creates stool Anus- stool is eliminated after it passes from large intestine into the rectum Accessory organs-salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas urinary system function - answerBalance's fluids in body by stimulating thirst and producing, storing, and eliminating urine. urinary system organs - answer1) Kidney- filters waste products (urea, uric, acid) from bloodstream and removes the products in form of urine so that they don't become wasteful to body. It also reabsorbs fluids and other substances back to the bloodstream, so body doesn't lose too much water and essential salts. 2) Ureter-connected to kidneys, urine flows out of kidney through ureter 3) Bladder-holding reservoir for urine 4) Urethra- when urine start to flow it travels through it and expelled from body. Female (1-2 in) Male (8 in.) immune system - answer(lymphatic system) is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend and protect the body against foreign invaders that can cause sickness and disease. white blood cells (leukocytes) - answerit's job is to find and destroy bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, and substances that appear foreign and harmful. integumentary system functions - answer1) Protects from environment-deeper tissue from loss of water, salts, heat, and prevents bacteria from entering body 2) Encloses-cover and protects fibers that send messages of pain, temperature, pressure, and touch to brain 3) Lubrication-Two types of glands that produce sebum and sweat. Sebum-oily. endocrine system - answerSends chemical messages (signals) called hormones reproductive system - answerproduce, nourish, and transport either egg or sperm. top ten deadliest diseases - answerCoronary artery diseases, stroke, lower respiratory infections like the flu, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, respiratory cancers, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer disease and other dementias, diarrheal diseases that result in dehydration, tuberculosis, and cirrhosis. four main types of germs - answerBacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites Transmitted by: Direct contact, Indirect contact, bites, and contamination. Common cold symptoms - answerwatery eyes, nasal and chest congestion, sneezing, sore or scratchy throat Flu symptoms - answerfatigue, muscle stiffness, coughs, sore throat, and nasal congestion, headaches, high fever Mononucleosis(mono) symptoms - answerfatigue, swollen lymph nodes in neck and armpits, swollen tonsils, sore throat, soft swollen spleen fever, headache, skin rash Meningitis symptoms - answerCommon virial. Can cause stroke, hearing loss, and brain damage. Bacterial- rare, but deadly because it can harm other organs in the body. Enters through mouth. MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) symptoms - answerresistant to most antibodies, fever, red bumps or rash on skin or infected area that might be swollen, painful, warm to touch, full of pus or other drainage cold sores (fever blisters) - answersmall hard spot, on cheek or lip, fluid blisters, tingling and itching, oozing, crusting. Lice - answeritching near scalp, neck and ears, small lice on scalp, lice eggs (nits on hair shafts). chicken pox (varicella) - answeritchy rash that turns into fluid-filled blisters and eventually scabs, headache, tiredness, loss of appetite.