Med Surg Ch 30 Nursing Assessment: Hematologic System and 100%question and ANSWERS

Med Surg Ch 30 Nursing Assessment: Hematologic System and 100%question and ANSWERS Where does blood cell production (hematopoiesis) happen? - correct answer -bone marrow What are the two types of bone marrow? - correct answer -yellow (adipose) and red (hematopoietic) What are the three functions of blood? - correct answer -transportation, regulation, and protection What does albumin do? - correct answer -helps maintain oncotic pressure in the blood What are the three types of blood cells? - correct answer -erythrocytes (RBCs), leukocytes (WBCs), and thrombocytes (platelets) Describe erythropoiesis. - correct answer -RBC production; stimulated by hypoxia and controlled by erythropoietin, a glycoprotein growth factor synthesized and released primarily by the kidney What is an effective way to evaluate the rate and adequacy of erythrocyte production? - correct answer -assessing the number of reticulocytes Describe hemolysis. - correct answer -destruction of RBCs by monocytes and macrophages which removes abnormal, defective, damaged, and old RBCs from circulation Describe granulocytes. - correct answer -leukocytes containing granules within the cytoplasm; Three types: neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils; main function is phagocytosis Describe agranulocytes. - correct answer -do not have granules within the cytoplasm; include lymphocytes and monocytes What do neutrophils do? - correct answer -primary phagocytic cells involved in acute inflammatory responses; increase is common indicator of infection and tissue injury What do eosinophils do? - correct answer -engulf antigen -antibody complexes formed during an allergic response; increase is seen in neoplastic disorders (i.e. Hodgkin's lymphoma), and in various skin disease and connective tissue disorders; eosinophils are also able to defend against parasitic infections What does a basophil do? - correct answer -stimulated by an antigen or by tissue injury, and it responds by releasing substances within the granule; response seen in allergic and inflammatory reactions Lymphocytes form the basis of the cellular and humoral immune responses. - correct answer -fun fact What are monocytes? - correct answer -potent phagocytic cells that ingest small or large masses of matter, such as bacteria, dead cells, tissue debris, and old or defective RBCs What helps regulate platelet production? - correct answer -thrombopoietin What 4 components contribute to normal hemostasis (arrest of bleeding)? - correct answer -vascular response, platelet plug formation, the development of the fibrin clot on the platelet plug by plasma clotting factors, and the ultimate lysis of the clot What happens immediately when a blood vessel is injured? - correct answer -a vasoconstrictive response occurs When are platelets activated? - correct answer -when they are exposed to interstitial collagen from an injured blood vessel what is fibrinolysis? - correct answer -another means of maintaining blood in its fluid form by dissolving a fibrin clot Where is the spleen? - correct answer -upper left quadrant of the abdomen What are the major functions of the spleen? - correct answer -hematopoietic, filtration, immunologic, and storage Describe the hematopoietic function of the spleen. - correct answer -spleen's ability to produce RBCs during fetal development Describe the filtration function of the spleen. - correct answer -spleen removes old and defective RBCs and reuses iron; also filters bacteria Describe the immunologic function of the spleen. - correct answer -spleen has a rich supply of lymphocytes, monocytes, and stored immunoglobulins Describe the storage function of the spleen. - correct answer -stores RBCs and platelets What does the lymph system do? - correct answer -carries fluid from the interstitial spaces to the blood