summary of all articles from week 1 to week 8.

Artikelen iweek i2: illnnu nue

Letter antd caaeeorr uentca eerfrraantcae carrreaaee wieh di tntcae eatternt rf carrtcaaa
eh icaknte int rader aduae : vrntk ee aa.

Alzheimer idisense iperform iuenernlly iworse ion icnteuroy ithnn ileter if ency.

A ditory ilinu istic i idysphonetic iform iof idevelopmentnl idyslex in i ipoor ileter ife ncy i
score.

Leter if ency itnks
 ex ec tieve inbilities i
 medinted iby ilef ifrontnl ibrnin ireuions. i
 Posterior idorsnl ireuion il ifmri ibnsed

Cnteuory if ency itnsk
 Verbnl if ency
 medinted iby ilef itempornl ireuions
 nnterior iventrnl ilbnsed ion ifmri

Verbnl if ency itnsk innminu ins imnny iitems iof in ifven icriterion, itypicnlly ileters ior icnteuories, i
nder itime iconstrnints. i
 Ex ec tive if nctioninu iskills il i pdntinu innd iinhibiton
 Verbnl inbility il ivocnb lnry isize innd ilex icnl incces
 inferior ifrontnl i iuyr s ilIFG ilbnsed ion ifmri

corticnl ithickness, iover innd inbove icotricnl ivol me iis ione iof ithe imost iimportnnt ifnctors i
relntied ito ivnrio s icounitive if nctions, iincl dinu iex ec tive inbilities, iincl dinu iex ec tive i
nbilities innd ivocnb lnry. i

Res lts
- diferent ibrnin ireuions inre iinvolved iin iverbnl if ency. i
- Leter if ency iis imedinted iby iinferior iforntnl, innd imedin ilnnd iins lnr itempornl i
reuions
- Cnteuory if ency iis imedinted iby in ilnrue inetword iincl dinu iforntnl ins iwell ins i niq e i
reuions iin ithe iposterior itemporn ilnnd iinferior ipnrietnl icortex
- The ilef iIFG iis inssocinted iconsistenlty iwith iboth ileter innd icnteuory if ency iin iboth i
lesion innd iFMRI ist dies
- Leter if ency, icnllinu ion imninly iphonolouicnl iprocesses ihns ibeen iproposed ito ihnve in i
posterior-dorsnl iloc s iwithin ithe iIFG
- Cnteuory if ency, icnllinu imninly ion isemnntic iprocesses i innterior iventrnl iloc s
- Dorsnl- iventrnl innd innterior- iposterior idissocintion i inctivntion iof isemnntic innd i
phonolouicnl inspect iof iwordt iprocessinu.
- Leter if ency inctivntes ithe iIFG imore idorsnlly i
- Cnteuory if ency inctivntes ithe iIFG imore iventrnlly
- Thicker icortex iin ithe innterior0ventrnl ipnrt iof ithe iIFG icorrelnted iwith ibeter ileter i
f ency. i

, - IFG iword iprod ction innd iword icomprehension
Th s ithe ireuions ispecifcnlly iof iinterest ifor ileter innd icnteuory if ency ibnses ion ithe iprevio s i
leiternt re iwere ionly iobserved iin ilef ihempisfere. i
 iznu iwel iiets ivnn imirror iin irecht iin ionderzoek ivnn ivonk iet inl????

Th e carrtcaaa rroantizatrnt rf eeecah errcae into: h icakrk antd ereeeea
Speech iperception iis is pported iby ithe in ditory icortex
Evidence i ipntients iwith in ditory ilnnu nue icomprehension idisorder ilwernicke’ss inphnsics i
 ilesions iin ithe ilef is perior itempornl iuyr s ilSTG
Frontnl ior iinferior ipnrietnl inrens iin ithe ilef ihemisphere i idiscriminntion ior iidentifcntion iof i
speech isyllnbles. i

Ne rnl iorunnizntion iof ispeech iis itnsk idepended. i
Ecolouicnlly ivnlid iconditions i isit ntions iin iwhich is ccesf l ispeech iso nd iporcessinu i
ltimntely ilends ito icontnct iwith ithe imentnl ilex ion innd in ditory icomprehension. i

Implicit iuonl iof ispeech iperception is tdies iis ito i nderstnnd iS blex icnl istnues iin ithe iprocess iof
speech irecounition i in ditory icomprehension. i

Speech iperception i is blex icnl itnsk i
Speech irecounition i iset iof icomp tntions ithnt itrnnsform inco stic isiunnls iinto in i
representntion ithnt imnkes icontnct iwith ithe imentnl ilex icon. i
Speech irecounition itnsks iinvolve ilex icnl incces iprocesses, iwherens ispeech iperception itnsks i
do inot ineed ilex icnl incces ib t iinstend ireq ire iprocesses ithnt inllow ithe ilistenenr ito imnintnin i
s blex icnl irepresentntions iin inn inctive istnte id rinu ithe iperformnnce iof ithe itnsk, ins iwell ins i
the irecr itment iof itnsk- ispecifc ioperntions. i
Speech iperception iinvolve isome ideuree iof iex ec tive icontronl innd iworkinu imemory. i

Ventrnl istrenm ilwhnt i istr ct res iin ithe is perior innd imiddle iportions iof ithe itempornl ilobe
lprocessinu ispeech isiunnls ifor icomprehension ilspeech irecounition
Dorsnl istrenm ilwhere i istr ct res iin ithe iposterior ifrontnl ilobe innd ithe iposterior idorsnl i-
most inspect iof ithe itempornl ilobe innd ipnrietnl ioperc l m. iltrnnslntinu inco stic ispeech i
siunnls iinto inrtic lntory irepresentntions iin ithe ifrontnl ilobe ilspeech idevelopment innd inormnl
speech iprod ction i ispeech iperception

Ventrnl istrenm iis ibilnternlly iorunnized? i ivoluens inrtikel
- FMRI
- Listeninu ito ispeech inctivntest ihe iSTG ibilnternlly iincl dinu ithe idorsnl iSTG innd is perior
tempornl is lc s ilSTS
- Most ist dies ifnd inctivntion ifor ispeech itypicnlly iin ithe iSTS
- Pse dowords inctivnte ilex icnl inetworks ivin ifent res ithnt inre ishnred iwith irenl iwords
- Speech irecounizntion isystems iis ibilntrnlly iorunnized ib t iwiht icomp tntionnl i
diferences ilncco ntinu ifor insymmetries i


Fmri is pport ithnt ithere iis im lti-time iresol tion iprocessinu ihemisphericnlly inssymetricnl
 Riuht ihemisphere iselectivity ifor ilonu-term iinteurntion i

,  Lef ihemisphere iless iselective iin itis iresponse ito idiferent iinteurntion itimescnles. i

Inteurntinu iover ishortes itimescnles imiuht ibe irepresented imore ibilnternlly

Portions iof ithe iSTTS inre iimportnnt ifor irepresentinu innd or iprocessinu iphonolouicnl i
informntion iincl dinu iboth iperception innd iprod ction iof ispeech innd id rinu inctive i
mnintennnce iof iphonemic iinformntion. iPoritons iof ithe ists iseem itob ie irelntively iselective ifor i
nco stic isiunnls ithnt icontnin iphonemic iinformntion iwhen icompnred iwith icomplec inon-
speech isiunnls. i

Posterior imiddle itempornl ireuions i iinvolved iin inccessinu ilex icn ilnnd isemnntic iinformntion
Dnmnue itot ihe iposterior itempornl ilobe ireuions, ipnrtic lnrly inlonu ithe imiddle itempornl iuyr s
 in ditory icomprehension

Stronu ievidence ithnt ilex icnl isemnntic incces iform in dtiory iinp t iinvolves ithe iposterior ilnternl
tempornl ilobe. i
Syntnctic innd icompositionnl isemnntic ioperntions i i iATL ins inn iimportnnt icomponoent iof ithe
comp tntionnl inetwork. i

Seumentnl i-level iprocesses iinvolved iin ithe incq istion innd imnintennnce iof ibnsic i
nrtic lntory iphonetic iskills. i

Dnmnue ito ithe ilef idorsnl iSTG ior ithe itemporopnrietnl ij nction iis inssocinted iwith icond ction i
nphnsin. i

Cond ction inphnsie idiconnection isyndorme iinvolvinu idnmnue itot ihe inrc nte ifnscic l s. i i
defcit iin inbility ito iencode iphonolouicnl iinformntion ifor iprod tion. i in ditory-motor i
interfnce isystem.

Spt inctivity iis inot ispecifc ito ispeech iit iis inctivnted ieq nlly iwell iby ithe iperception innd i
reprod ction iof itonnl iseq ences. il inlso id rinu ireprod ction iof isenosry isitm li ithnt iwere i
perceived in rnlly ior ivis nlly
- Mnybe ito ivocnl itrnct
- Mnybe iview iit ins ipnrt iof isensorimotor iinteurntion icirc it ifort ihe ivocnl itrnct.

Aren ispt iis ilocnted iwithin ithe iplnn m itempornle iPT
Pt if nctiosn ins in icomp tntionnl ih b ithnt itnkes iinp t ifrom ithe iprimnry in ditory icortex innd i
performs in iseureuntion innd ispectrotempornl ipntern imntchinu ioperntion i ilends itot ihe i
o tp t iof iso nd iobject iinformntion, iwhich iis iporccesed if rther iin ilnternl itempornl ilobe i
nrens innd ispntinl iposition iinformntion iwhich iis iprocessesd if rther iin ipnrietnl istr ct res. i

S mmnry i
- D nl-strenm iproposnl ifor icorticnl ispeech iprocessinu imituht ibe in irefection iof in imore i
uenernl iprinciple iof isensory isysmte iorunnizntion. i
- Perhnps ithe iventrnl istrenm iitself icomposed iof ipnrnllel ipnthwnys ithnt ico ld idifer iin i
terms iof itheir isnmplinu irnte i
- Dorsnl iro te imiuht inlso iinvolve ipnrnllel isystems ithnt idifer iin iscnle

, Crontitrnt antd antaera int eh ree variante rf eriaar errore ive Aeh a ia,: eeaeinti,
drntker ee aa.

PPA iwhen ispeech innd ilnnu nue idefcits iremnin ithe ionly icomplnint ifor int ilenst itwo iyenrs.

Non if ent iprouressive inphnsin ivnrinnt ilNFPA iof iPPA iwiht inurnmmntism i ilnbored ispeech i
nurnmmntism iin iprocd ction innd ior icomphrehension, ivnrinble ideurees iof innomin innd i
phonemic ipnrnphnsins, iin ithe ipresence iof irelntively ipreserved iword icomprehension.

Semnntic idementin il if ent iprouressive inphnsin i if ent, iurnmmnticnlly icorrect ispeech, i
loss iof iword innd iobject imenninu, is rfnce idyslex in, innd irelntively ipreserved isyntnctic i
comprehension iskills. i
SD i iPPA+ isyndrome
Louopenic ivnrinnt i iword ifndinu idifc lties innd idecrensed io tp t ib t irelntively ipreserved i
syntnx innd iphonolouy. i
PPA iwith icomprehesnion ilverbnl isemnntics idefctis. i if ent ispeech innd innomin ib t inot i
the im ltimodnl isemnntic idefcits itypicnl iof iSD.

Isolnted ispeech innd ilnnu nue idefcits iin ippn icorrespond ito in imninly ilef ihemisphere i
nnntomicnl iinvolvement. i
Lef iforntnl ihypomehtnbolism iin ithe inonf ent iclinicnl ivnrinnt i

PPA il introphy iwns ifo nd iin ithe ilef is perior itempornl iuyr s innd iinverior ipnrietnl ilob le i

Aprnx in iof ispeech iis imotor ispeech idisorder ires ltinu iform iimpnriment iof ithe icnpcitiy ito i
prournm isensorimotor icommnnds ifort ihe ipositioninu innd imovements iof im scles ifort ihe i
volitionnl iprod ction iof ispeechs. i

Apprnx ic ierror iincl de iinitintion idifc lty, iso nds is bstit tions, iomissions ior itrnnspositions i
of isyllnbles, islow irnte, ieq nl ior ieven istress, innd iinnpproprntie istops innd istnrts. i

VBM i ivox el-bnsed imorphometry

Disc ssion
- ilef iinferior ifrontnl innd innterior iins lnr irenuions iin iNFPA
- Bilnternl innterior itempornl ilobes iin iSD
- Lef itemporopnrietnl inren iin iLPA
NFPA
 Siunifcnnt inprnx in iof ispeech, isyntnctic idefcits ifor icomplex imorphosyntnctis i
str ct res innd introphy iin ithe ilef iinferior ifrontnl iuyr s, ipremotor icortex innd i
nnteroror iins ln ireuions. i
 The ilef iprecentrnl iuyr s iof ithe iins ln i inprnx in iof ispeech iin ivnsc lnr ipntients

Brocn’ss inren i inctivntion iin ilenrninu iurnmmntic ir les