Hoorcollege 1 introduction to the planning discipline
mutual relationship between space and society
keeping the city compact
not only a claim on land, but also claim for sea by fisheries
→ problem of windmill placing
Weighing off claims for space is about:
- individual vs collective interest
- conflicting demands
- present vs future and past
Focusing on ends: which spatial development do we allow where and why
Focusing on means: the process to get to these spatial benefits
Explanatory: how it is now
Normative → what it should be
Peter Marcuse → 3 Roles of planners
→ “cities for people, not for profit”
- market does not consider social justice and equality
- But: state has to enforce social justice on the market → market doen’t like that
1 Technist Planning
- solution-oriented → towards design or a process
- engineering-driven, rational and scientific
- city is a machine
- no values → serving those with power
→ supports the system as it already is
2 Social Reform Planning
- mitigating externalities of the market
- values with limited depth
- limited participation of civil society
- stays within existing power frameworks
(arbeiderspaleizen, mooie huizen (met veel groen))
→ bottoming up from society
3 Social Justice Planning
- confronting those in power → confronting the market
- bottom-up decision making
- OR theoretical → the just city
- OR utopian → garden cities
- OR radical
(woonprotest)
→ radical plans of system outside of social boundaries
, Hoorcollege 2 Arguments for and against planning
Planning project in 21st century - Healy
- orientation to the future and belief that action now can shape future potentialities
- livability and sustainability for the many, not the few
- interdependence and interconnectivity between one phenomenon and another,
across time and space → we have to be aware of this
- expanding knowledgeability of public action, expanding policy intelligence
- open transparent government processes → reasoning of public realm
Essential concepts in the planning project - Healy
1. future possibilities: sustainable development and liveability
→ thinking about long-term world of nature and a better human well-being
2. balancing and integrating diverse values acknowledging and addressing
interdependencies and interconnections
→ who decides, whose interests are at stake and whose knowledge counts?
- 3 perspectives of collective action: state, community and market
- 2 types of collective action:
- horizontal coordination → issue about urban, political and city
voluntary stakeholders
- vertical coordination → regional energy strategies → national
lot of citizens worry about something or protest to something, for
instance NIMBY
3. open and transparent governance process through deliberation
→ arriving at an understanding that issues are at stake
- how issues could be addressed
- what difference it might make to what and whom
- not hidden in bureaucracy or part of political games
→ communicative planning → knowing interests and interdependencies of parties
→ collaborative planning and deliberative practicing
Criticism of communicative planning / rationality - Healy
1. absence of power → “dark side of planning” → it is a reinforcing capitalist society
→ letting people think they have power while they have not
2. too procedural → planning has lost its focus on ends → as a result, because the
process is discussed too much, the goals are not strived for
Planners are balancing the interdependencies and interconnections between
stakeholders, interests, places and time
→ has to be through an open and deliberative governance process
you need to attract the creative class to have an interesting city and to have
development in your city
→ when you want a lot of services, you need to have a creative class: people with cultural
services want to have their company built there
mutual relationship between space and society
keeping the city compact
not only a claim on land, but also claim for sea by fisheries
→ problem of windmill placing
Weighing off claims for space is about:
- individual vs collective interest
- conflicting demands
- present vs future and past
Focusing on ends: which spatial development do we allow where and why
Focusing on means: the process to get to these spatial benefits
Explanatory: how it is now
Normative → what it should be
Peter Marcuse → 3 Roles of planners
→ “cities for people, not for profit”
- market does not consider social justice and equality
- But: state has to enforce social justice on the market → market doen’t like that
1 Technist Planning
- solution-oriented → towards design or a process
- engineering-driven, rational and scientific
- city is a machine
- no values → serving those with power
→ supports the system as it already is
2 Social Reform Planning
- mitigating externalities of the market
- values with limited depth
- limited participation of civil society
- stays within existing power frameworks
(arbeiderspaleizen, mooie huizen (met veel groen))
→ bottoming up from society
3 Social Justice Planning
- confronting those in power → confronting the market
- bottom-up decision making
- OR theoretical → the just city
- OR utopian → garden cities
- OR radical
(woonprotest)
→ radical plans of system outside of social boundaries
, Hoorcollege 2 Arguments for and against planning
Planning project in 21st century - Healy
- orientation to the future and belief that action now can shape future potentialities
- livability and sustainability for the many, not the few
- interdependence and interconnectivity between one phenomenon and another,
across time and space → we have to be aware of this
- expanding knowledgeability of public action, expanding policy intelligence
- open transparent government processes → reasoning of public realm
Essential concepts in the planning project - Healy
1. future possibilities: sustainable development and liveability
→ thinking about long-term world of nature and a better human well-being
2. balancing and integrating diverse values acknowledging and addressing
interdependencies and interconnections
→ who decides, whose interests are at stake and whose knowledge counts?
- 3 perspectives of collective action: state, community and market
- 2 types of collective action:
- horizontal coordination → issue about urban, political and city
voluntary stakeholders
- vertical coordination → regional energy strategies → national
lot of citizens worry about something or protest to something, for
instance NIMBY
3. open and transparent governance process through deliberation
→ arriving at an understanding that issues are at stake
- how issues could be addressed
- what difference it might make to what and whom
- not hidden in bureaucracy or part of political games
→ communicative planning → knowing interests and interdependencies of parties
→ collaborative planning and deliberative practicing
Criticism of communicative planning / rationality - Healy
1. absence of power → “dark side of planning” → it is a reinforcing capitalist society
→ letting people think they have power while they have not
2. too procedural → planning has lost its focus on ends → as a result, because the
process is discussed too much, the goals are not strived for
Planners are balancing the interdependencies and interconnections between
stakeholders, interests, places and time
→ has to be through an open and deliberative governance process
you need to attract the creative class to have an interesting city and to have
development in your city
→ when you want a lot of services, you need to have a creative class: people with cultural
services want to have their company built there
