Honors Chemistry Final Exam Study Guide 2024 with Complete Solutions

Honors Chemistry Final Exam Study Guide 2024 with Complete Solutions Mole - Answer- SI unit for measuring the amount of substance; Molar Mass - Answer- the mass of a mole of an element Representative particles - Answer- refers to the species present in a substance: usually atoms, molecules, or formula units Avogadro's number - Answer- the number of representative particles in a mole Avogadro's hypothesis - Answer- states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles Molar volume - Answer- the quantity, 22.4 L Dimensional analysis - Answer- mole to mass, mole to volume Percent Composition - Answer- percent by mass of each element in the compound by which the relative amounts of the elements in a compound are expressed STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure) - Answer- a temperature of 0˚C and a pressure of 101.3 kPa, or 1 atmosphere (atm) Empirical formula - Answer- the basic ratio gives the lowest whole-number ratio of the atoms of the elements contained in the compound Molecular formula - Answer- either the same as its experimentally determined empirical formula, or it is a simple whole-number multiple of its empirical formual Types of reactions - Answer- the five general types of reaction are combination, decomposition, single-replacement, double-replacement, and combustion Single replacement - Answer- a chemical change in which one element replaces a second element in a compound Double replacement - Answer- a chemical change involving an exchange of positive ions between two compounds Combination - Answer- a chemical change in which two or more substances react to form a single new substance Decomposition - Answer- a chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products Combustion - Answer- a chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products Predicting products - Answer- the number of elements and/or compounds reacting is a good indicator of possible reaction type and thus possible products Stoichiometry - Answer- the calculation of quantities in chemical reactions; subject of chemistry Limiting Reactants - Answer- the regent that determines the amount of product that can be formed by a reaction Excess reactants - Answer- the reactant that is not completely used up in a reaction Actual yield - Answer- the amount of product that actually forms when the reaction is carried out in the laboratory Theoretical yield - Answer- the maximum amount of product that could be formed from given amounts of reactants Percent yield - Answer- the ration of the actual yield to the theoretical yield expressed as a percent