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Conceptos Básicos

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Conceptos Básicos

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MATEMÁTICAS
ACCESO A LA UNIVERSIDAD MAYORES 25 AÑOS




CONCEPTOS

BÁSICOS




1

, MATEMÁTICAS
ACCESO A LA UNIVERSIDAD MAYORES 25 AÑOS

UNIDAD DIDÁCTICA 0: CONCEPTOS BÁSICOS
ÍNDICE
0 1. Operaciones en el conjunto de los números reales
1 2. Valor absoluto
2 3. Descomposición de un número en factores primos
3 4. Máximo Común Divisor
4 5. Mínimo Común Múltiplo
5 6. Operaciones con fracciones
6 7. Sacar factor común
7 8. Productos notables
8 9. Potencias y radicales

1. Operaciones en el conjunto de los números reales (R)
1.1. La suma y sus propiedades
Asociativa: (a+b) + c = a + (b+c)
Elemento neutro: es el número 0, ya que a + 0 = 0 + a = a

Elemento simétrico: Dado a, su elemento simétrico, llamado opuesto, es -a,
ya que se cumple a + (-a) = (-a) + a = 0
Conmutativa: a+b = b+a
1.2. El producto (o multiplicación) y sus propiedades
Asociativa: (a*b)*c = a*(b*c)
Elemento neutro: es el número 1, ya que 1*a = a*1= a
Elemento simétrico: Dado a ≠ 0, su elemento simétrico, llamado inverso, es a-1 =
1/a, ya que a* (1/a)=1.
Conmutativa: a*b = b*a
Distributiva respecto de la suma: a*(b+c) = a*b + a*c
Relacionado con la multiplicación y la división de número reales se encuentra la
regla de los signos. Simbólicamente estas reglas se pueden expresar de la
siguiente forma:
1. (+)*(+) = (+) (+):(+) = (+)
2. (-)*(-) = (+) (-):(-) = (+)
3. (+)*(-) = (-) (+):(-) = (-)
4. (-)*(+) = (-) (-):(+) = (-)
EJERCICIOS RESUELTOS
1) 3–5 = –2
2) 3+2–7 = –2
3) 12–25+1 = –12


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