AMSCO: 1.6 question n answers graded A+

AMSCO: 1.6How did the beliefs and practices of the predominant religions, agricultural practices, and political decentralization affect European society? - correct answers Religion: The predominant religions in Europe were Christians, Jews, and Muslims. The Christian Church established universities and led in the area of education, and also held a large role in the feudal system (lords were often affected by bishops and the pope, and religion had a great political influence). The Christian Crusades increased the Church's desire to have control. Jews helped communication between Christians and Muslims and helped Europe grow by increasing the flow of money. Muslims opened up Europe to trade and ideas that were less self-sufficient and isolated under feudalism, and gave women more opportunities. Agricultural Practices: Travel to other places opened Europe to different cultures, such as when *Marco Polo* visited modern-day Beijing and described customs of Asia (ex: multiple marriages, bathing), which increased curiosity and the creation of maps. Trade became more long-spread, and the surplus of agricultural produce from the *three-field system* and the population growth from improved farm equipment conceived cities and towns. Political Decentralization: Feudalism gave protection and land to various people, and in return labor and loyalty were pledged to those who gave the land. This system provided security to every social class in Europe. Europe was also self-sufficient because of their political decentralization, using the manorial system to individualize people and provide "jobs" (*serfs*) Feudalism - correct answers A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land Manorial System - correct answers An economic system in the Middle Ages that was built around large estates called manors; Reduced need for trade, as everything was provided on the manors Three-field System - correct answers A rotational system for agriculture in which one field grows grain, one grows legumes, and one lies fallow. It gradually replaced two-field system in medieval Europe. France - correct answers *Estates-General* was a body that advised the king and consisted of *estates* who were representatives from each social class; If one wasn't part of the French government, they felt as if they had little responsibility due to no taxes