AP World History 4.1 question n answers graded A+

AP World History 4.11. Describe how the new global circulation of goods affected existing regional trade networks. 4.1.I. $ - correct answers In the context of the new global circulation of goods, there *was an intensification of all existing regional trade networks that brought prosperity and economic disruption to the merchants and governments in the trading regions of the Indian Ocean, Mediterranean, Sahara, and overland Eurasia.* The voyage of Columbus inaugurated a network of global trade that connected both hemispheres. Silver from the New World was minted into the peso de ocho, a widely accepted currency that connected major trade systems. In the Pacific, the Spanish colony of Manila connected the New World with Asia markets; much of the New World's silver ended up in China. Despite this new level of global connectivity, this era saw major disruptions and changes in trade networks. Attempts by Portugal and Spain to monopolize trade in the Indian Ocean led to the down fall of the Swahili cities and the fall of Malacca. In Africa, the incorporation of West Africa into the Atlantic system drew the focus of trade from Trans-Saharan to the west. The fall of Constantinople to the Muslim Ottomans and Vasco DaGama's maritime route to the Indian Ocean lessened Europe's dependence upon Silk Road trade. The Atlantic System would emerge as the premier trade system in this era. Summary: I. In the context of the new global circulation of goods, there was an intensification of all existing regional trade networks that brought prosperity and economic disruption to the merchants and governments in the trading regions of the Indian Ocean, Mediterranean, Sahara, and overland Eurasia 2. Describe how European technological developments in cartography and navigation built on previous knowledge. 4.1.II. - correct answers *European technological developments in cartography and navigation built on previous knowledge developed in the classical, Islamic and Asian worlds, and included the production of new tools.* (such as astrolabe or revised maps), innovations in ship designs. (such as caravels) and an improved understanding of global wind and currents patterns, all of which made transoceanic travel and trade possible. Exmaples: *The Astrolabe*- With its origins tracing back to Ancient Greece, the astrolabe could determine the latitude and longitude of one's location, determine where and when the sun would rise, be able to tell the time and date, in addition to many other uses. With the rise of the Islamic Empire the astrolabe made its way to Asia, India, and eventually Europe. The astrolabe, and its instructions, spread