HCB GI/GU Exam Questions And Answers With Complete Solutions

Colic - Answer-an attack of acute abdominal pain localized in a hollow organ and often caused by spasm, obstruction, or twisting Hematemesis - Answer-vomiting blood Hematochezia - Answer-passage of blood in the feces Ileus - Answer-obstruction of the bowel; functional obstruction of the GI tract and especially the small intestine that is marked by the absence of peristalsis; usually accompanied by abdominal pain, bloating, and sometimes nausea and vomiting; typically occurs following abdominal surgery Melena - Answer-dark tarry stools containing decomposing blood that is usually an indication of bleeding in the upper part of the digestive tract Mechanical digestion - Answer-food enters the mouth first and is broken down by both saliva and chewing Chemical digestion - Answer-begins in the esophagus where it is transported to the stomach where it is broken down Liver - Answer-produces bile that breaks down fats*; detoxifies harmful substances, stores sugar, and assists in the production of blood products, and the storage of several vitamins and iron Spleen - Answer-filters out older blood cells and manufactures white blood cells (lymphocytes and monocytes) Where should you be positioned before inspecting the abdomen? - Answer-in a seated position on the patient's right side Cullen sign - Answer-bluish periumbilical discoloration that suggests intra-abdominal bleeding Contour - Answer-abdominal profile from the rib margin to the pubis viewed on the horizontal planeMcBurney's point - Answer-above the appendix; located one third of the distance from the iliac crest to the umbilicus What does vomiting of frank blood or "coffee-grounds" vomit indicate? - Answer-bleeding from an upper GI source How do you treat patients with significant upper/lower GI bleeding? - Answer-two 18 gauge or larger intravenous lines External hemorrhoids - Answer-distal to the dentate line; painful; covered by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium How is a nasogastric tube held in place? - Answer-tape to the patient's cheek or nose (not introduced surgically) Jejunum tube (j-tube) - Answer-most frequently used feeding tube; must be surgically added Gastrostomy tube (g-tube) - Answer-feeding tube surgically implanted through the abdominal wall and into stomach; secured with balloon. Cholecystitis - Answer-severe and sometimes sudden right upper quadrant and/or epigastric (upper central abdomen just below the xiphoid process) pain, which may radiate to the shoulder; often radiates to the back; is often confused with chest pain and may be difficult to distinguish from cardiac complaints What position will help maintain the airway? - Answer-left laterally recumbent position