NSG 221 Exam 4 - Questions and Answers

NSG 221 Exam 4 - Questions and Answers Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with perfectionism, mental and interpersonal control, and orderliness at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency. Clients are preoccupied with orderliness and try to maintain it in all areas of life. They strive for perfection as though it were attainable and are preoccupied with details, rules, lists, and schedules to the point of often missing "the big picture." Dependent personality disorder Dependent personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of, which leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation Clients are frequently anxious and may be mildly uncomfortable. They are often pessimistic and self-critical; other people hurt their feelings easily. When these clients do experience the end of a relationship, they urgently and desperately seek another. The unspoken motto seems to be: "Any relationship is better than no relationship at all." Avoidant personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of social discomfort and reticence, low self-esteem, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation. Clients with avoidant personality disorder have low self-esteem. They are hypersensitive to negative evaluation from others and readily believe themselves to be inferior. Clients may report some success in occupational roles because they are so eager to please or to win a supervisor's approval. Shyness, awkwardness, or fear of failure, however, may prevent them from seeking jobs that might be more suitable, challenging, or rewarding. Narcissistic personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy. Clients may display an arrogant or haughty attitude. They lack the ability to recognize or empathize with the feelings of others. Underlying self-esteem is almost always fragile and vulnerable. These clients are hypersensitive to criticism and need constant attention and admiration Histrionic personality disorder Histrionic personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking. The tendency of these clients to exaggerate the closeness of relationships or to dramatize relatively minor occurrences can result in unreliable data. Expressed emotions, though colorful, are insincere and shallow; this is readily apparent to others but not to clients. They experience rapid shifts in moods and emotions and may be laughing uproariously one moment and sobbing the next. Bipolar Disorder BPD is characterized by a pervasive pattern of unstable interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affect as well as marked impulsivity. BPD is the most common personality disorder found in clinical settings. It is three times more common in women than in men. Up to three-quarters of clients with BPD engage in deliberate self-harm, sometimes called nonsuicidal self-injury. Antisocial personality disorder Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others—and by the central characteristics of deceit and manipulation. Schizotypal personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with and reduced capacity for close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and behavioral eccentricities. Clients often have an odd appearance that causes others to notice them. They may be unkempt and disheveled, and their clothes are often ill-fitting, do not match, and may be stained or dirty. They may wander aimlessly and, at times, become preoccupied with some environmental detail. Cognitive distortions include ideas of reference, magical thinking, odd or unfounded beliefs, and a preoccupation with parapsychology, including extrasensory perception and clairvoyance. Schizoid personality disorder Schizoid personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression in interpersonal settings. Clients generally are accomplished intellectually and often involved with computers or electronics for work or to pass their time. Clients may be indecisive and lack future goals or direction. They see no need for planning and have no aspirations. Paranoid personality disorder Paranoid personality disorder is characterized by pervasive mistrust and suspiciousness of others. Clients with this disorder interpret others' actions as potentially harmful. These clients use the defense mechanism of projection, which is blaming other people, institutions, or events for their own difficulties Schizoaffective disorder describes a condition in which the client exhibits symptoms of psychosis and a mood disorder such as depression. Torticollis a dystonic reaction that results in muscle spasms in the neck, can be very painful for the client. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a potentially life-threatening reaction seen with clients taking antipsychotic medications. Polydipsia or an excessive ingestion of water, can have potentially life-threatening effects on fluid and electrolyte balances. T/F In communicating with a client experiencing a delusion, it is important for the nurse to avoid confronting the false belief. True T/F A client with schizophrenia may exhibit echolalia, an abnormal speech pattern in which he or she repeats or imitates words or phrases spoken by another individual. True T/F Schizophrenia is usually diagnosed earlier in women than in men False, earlier in men T/F New prominent theories suggest that alterations in both the levels of dopamine and serotonin are involved in schizophrenia. True Use of splitting is most associated with which personality disorder? Borderline personality disorder. Splitting, the primary defense or coping style used by persons with borderline personality disorder, is the inability to incorporate positive and negative aspects of oneself or others into a whole image Perfectionism is a trait likely to be evident in a person with which personality disorder? Obsessive-Compulsive. Persons with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder try to control the environment through perfectionism and orderliness. Antisocial, obsessive-compulsive, and schizotypal personality disorders occur most frequently in Men Treatment Schizoid Personality Disorder: Psychotherapy, Group Therapy, Antidepressants Schizotypal Personality Disorder Treatment