NSG 221 Exam 1 - Questions and Answers

NSG 221 Exam 1 - Questions and Answers Psychotherapy Groups The goal of a psychotherapy group is for members to learn about their behavior and to make positive changes in their behavior by interacting and communicating with others as a member of a group. Groups may be organized around a specific medical diagnosis, such as depression, or a particular issue Mental Health Definition Mental health: a state of emotional, psychological, and social wellness evidenced by satisfying interpersonal relationships, effective behavior and coping, positive self-concept, and emotional stability Mental Illness Definition Mental Illness: Mental illness includes disorders that affect mood, behavior, and thinking, such as depression, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, and addictive disorders. Mental disorders often cause significant distress or impaired functioning or both. Levels of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing: Counseling, Interventions, Problem-Solving, Crisis Intervention, Stress Management, Teach Skills, Encourage Independence, Administer Medications, Milieu Therapy, Etc. Components of Personality According to Freud: Id The id is the part of one's nature that reflects basic or innate desires such as pleasure-seeking behavior, aggression, and sexual impulses. The id seeks instant gratification, causes impulsive unthinking behavior, and has no regard for rules or social convention. Components of Personality According to Freud: Superego The superego is the part of a person's nature that reflects moral and ethical concepts, values, and parental and social expectations; therefore, it is in direct opposition to the id. The third component, the ego, is the balancing or mediating force between the id and the superego. Components of Personality According to Freud: Ego The ego represents mature and adaptive behavior that allows a person to function successfully in the world. Freud believed that anxiety resulted from the ego's attempts to balance the impulsive instincts of the id with the stringent rules of the superego. Freud's 3 Levels of Awareness Conscious refers to the perceptions, thoughts, and emotions that exist in the person's awareness, such as being aware of happy feelings or thinking about a loved one. Preconscious thoughts and emotions are not currently in the person's awareness, but he or she can recall them with some effort—for example, an adult remembering what he or she did, thought, or felt as a child. The unconscious is the realm of thoughts and feelings that motivates a person even though he or she is totally unaware of them. Ego Defense Mechanism Definition: Freud believed that the self, or ego, uses ego defense mechanisms, which are methods of attempting to protect the self and cope with basic drives or emotionally painful thoughts, feelings, or events Examples of Ego Defense Mechanisms Compensation, Conversion, Denial, Displacement, Dissociation, Fixation, Identification, Intellectualization, Introjection (accepting another's believes as one's own), Projection (unconscious blaming inclinations on external object), Rationalization, Reaction Formation (think opposite), Regression (moving back a developmental stage to feel safe), Repression, Resistance, Sublimation (Substituting a socially acceptable activity for an impulse that is unacceptable), Substitution, Suppression, Undoing Freud's Stages of Psychosexual Development: Oral birth to 18 months, Major site of tension and gratification is the mouth, lips, and tongue; includes biting and sucking activities. Id is present at birth. Ego develops gradually from rudimentary structure present at birth. Freud's Stages of Psychosexual Development: Anal 18-36 months, Anus and surrounding areas are major source of interest, voluntary sphincter control acquired. Freud's Stages of Psychosexual Development: Phallic/Oedipal 3-5 years, Genital is the focus of interest, stimulation, and excitement. Penis is organ of interest for both sexes. Masturbation is common. Penis envy (wish to possess penis) is seen in girls; oedipal complex (wish to marry opposite-sex parent and be rid of same-sex parent) is seen in boys and girls. Freud's Stages of Psychosexual Development: Latency 5-11/13 years Resolution of oedipal complex. Sexual drive channeled into socially appropriate activities such as school work and sports. Formation of the superego. Final stage of psychosexual development. Freud's Stages of Psychosexual Development: Genital 11-13 years Begins with puberty and the biologic capacity for orgasm; involves the capacity for true intimacy. Transference Definition occurs when the client displaces onto the therapist attitudes and feelings that the client originally experienced in other relationships. Transference patterns are automatic and unconscious in the therapeutic relationship.