TExES History 7-12 (233) Exam Questions And Answers

TExES History 7-12 (233) Exam Questions And Answers the Caddo - ANS dominant group in East Texas before European contact; lived in settled communities and practiced agriculture Empresario System - ANS system of colonization and land management in which settlers were allotted land in Texas as long as they enforced Mexican Law Colonization Law of 1825 - ANS allowed Anglos, who mainly emigrated from the United States, to colonize land in Texas under the empresario system to better secure it for Mexico Stephen F. Austin - ANS negotiated the first empresario agreement between Mexico and Anglo settlers from the United States; led Anglo settlement in Texas; important Anglo leader in Mexican Texas Law of April 6, 1830 - ANS closed immigration from the US; restricted ties with the US; encouraged Mexican, rather than US, settlement in Texas; restricted slavery in Texas; also harmed Tejano and some Mexican commercial interests General Antonio López de Santa Anna - ANS Mexican military leader and president who unsuccessfully fought to subdue rebellious Texans Sam Houston - ANS leader of Texas revolutionary army; first president of the Republic of Texas Battle of San Jacinto - ANS last major battle of the Texas Revolution; surprise attack led by Sam Houston resulted in Texas's victory over the Mexican army, the capture of Santa Anna, and ultimately Texas's independence Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo - ANS ended the Mexican-American War; established the boundaries of Texas as they stand today Secession Convention - ANS 1861 convention at which Texans voted to secede from the US and join the Confederacy; led by Oran Roberts; a new state constitution stipulating the legality of slavery was also written; Sam Houston was stripped of his authority as governor for refusing to support secession Juneteenth - ANS June 19th, 1865, when Union general Gordon Granger arrived to enforce the Emancipation Proclamation and end slavery in Texas; still celebrated today in Texas and beyond as the end of slavery Kirby Lumber Company - ANS leading timber manufacturer founded by John Kirby, based in Beaumont; led exploitation of old-growth timber in East Texas; engine of twentieth-century Texas economy as the state industrialized List some of the most important products of Texas that have driven its economic growth. - ANS wheat, cotton, timber, cattle, citrus, oil/petroleum (and today, natural gas), mercury, mohair Spindletop - ANS East Texas location of the Lucas Gusher, the largest source of oil in the world at the time of its discovery (in 1901); drilling at Spindletop was the start of the Texas oil industry Galveston Hurricane - ANS On September 8, 1900, Galveston was hit by a devastating hurricane that nearly destroyed the city. One of the largest natural disasters in US history, the storm led to developments in modern urban planning as the city rebuilt. the Hogg Laws - ANS progressive legislation introduced by Populist governor James Stephen Hogg, elected in 1890; reined in corporate interests; forced corporations to state property subsidies within a certain time period or return them to the state; required insurance companies to utilize Texas banks Jim and Miriam "Ma" Ferguson - ANS married progressives who each served terms as governor in the early twentieth century; focused on rural poor, improving roads and access to schools, and combating the Ku Klux Klan; Ma Ferguson was the first woman elected governor of Texas Henry B. Gonzalez - ANS first Mexican American elected to the Texas Senate, advocated for civil rights and desegregation; in 1961, the first Hispanic Texan elected to the House of Representatives; supported civil rights legislation and LBJ's Great Society programs Barbara Jordan - ANS first African American woman elected to the Texas state legislature, becoming a state senator in 1965; in 1972, became the first African American and the first woman to represent Texas in the House of Representatives; focused on civil rights and equality in employment; played an important role in the Watergate proceedings George W. Bush - ANS governor of Texas in the 1990s; emphasized criminal justice, capital punishment, tax cuts, faith-based social service models; became US president in 2000, bringing a similar agenda to the national level; strengthened the Republican Party in Texas and nationally Fertile Crescent - ANS the region stretching from the Persian Gulf through the land around the Tigris and Euphrates rivers (Mesopotamia), the Levant (east coast of the Mediterranean Sea), and parts of the Nile Valley; with the first populations dating back to 10,000 B.C.E., it is thought to be the birthplace of the key aspects of civilization Code of Hammurabi - ANS the sixth king of Babylonia developed a code of law around 1754 B.C. that contains punishments based on the now well-known expression "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" Punic Wars - ANS a series of wars fought between Carthage and Rome between 264 B.C.E. and 146 B.C.E Laws of Manu - ANS 2,684 verses that comprise the guiding principles of religious and legal duty in Hinduism Bubonic (Black) Plague - ANS bacterial infection with global effects that killed a third of Europeans in the fourteenth century; led to broader social change