Hurst Review Acid Base Balance Study Guide Exam.

What are the three major chemicals responsible for acid base balance? - correct answer - Bicarbonate - Hydrogen - Carbon Dioxide What is the major lung chemical? - correct answer - Carbon Dioxide What are the major kidney chemicals? - correct answer - Bicarbonate - Hydrogen What is the normal range for pH? - correct answer - 7.35 to 7.45 - 7.35= acidic - 7.45= basic An acidotic patient will show signs of _________. - correct answer - Lethargy An alkali patient will show signs of __________ _________. - correct answer - Excitable NS How does the body keep the pH within normal range? - correct answer - Compensation Kidneys remove excess acid and bicarb by _________ them through the urine. - correct answer - Excreting Kidneys can __________ bicarb and hydrogen and return them to the blood. - correct answer - Retain Kidneys take ______ to ______ to do their job. - correct answer - Hours to days How do the lungs get rid of CO2? - correct answer - Exhaling What can hyperventilation lead to? - correct answer - Alkalosis What can hypoventilation lead to? - correct answer - Acidosis Lungs respond to acid base imbalance _________. - correct answer - Quickly In respiratory acidosis what organ has the problem and which compensates? - correct answer - Lungs are problem - Kidneys compensate In respiratory acidosis what chemical is causing the problem and is there too little or too much? - correct answer - Carbon dioxide - Too much In respiratory acidosis, is the patient hyperventilating or hypoventilating? - correct answer - Hypoventilating How are the kidneys compensating during respiratory acidosis? - correct answer - Release bicarb and hyrdrogen The body must ______ hydrogen and ______ bicarb during respiratory acidosis? - correct answer - Excrete - Retain Is the pH high or low in respiratory acidosis? - correct answer - Low What are causes of respiratory acidosis? - correct answer - Retaining CO2 - Mid-abdomen incisions - Narcotics - Sleeping pills - Pneumothorax - Collapsed lung - Pneumonia What are signs and symptoms of respiratory acidosis? - correct answer - Headache - Confused - Sleepy - Could lead to coma - Hypoxia - Restlessness - Tachycardia How do you treat respiratory acidosis? - correct answer - Fix the breathing problem - Liquefy the secretions (pneumonia) - Chest tubes for pneumothorax - Turn, cough, deep breathe In respiratory alkalosis, what is the organ causing the problem and which is compensating? - correct answer - Lungs are problem - Kidneys compensate In respiratory alkalosis, what chemical is causing the problem and is there too little or too much? - correct answer - CO2 - Too little In respiratory alkalosis, is the patient hyperventilating or hypoventilating? - correct answer - Hyperventilating