CPDT-KA Learning Theory
positive reinforcement (R+) - answersomething good from animal's perspective added
after target behavior occurs, so behavior increases
negative reinforcement (R-) - answersomething bad from animal's perspective removed
after target behavior occurs, so behavior increases
positive punishment (P+) - answersomething bad from the animal's perspective added
after target behavior occurs, so behavior decreases
negative punishment (P-) - answersomething good from the animal's perspective
removed after target behavior occurs, so behavior decreases
extinction - answerthe diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical
conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (US) does not follow a conditioned
stimulus (CS); occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced
habituation - answerWhen a subject is exposed to a stimulus and the reaction to that
stimulus becomes weaker over time; Occurs most often with stimuli that elicit weak
emotional response
sensitization - answerWhen a subject is exposed to a stimulus and the reaction to that
stimulus becomes stronger over time; Occurs most often with stimuli that elicit intense
emotional responses
adaptation - answerDifferent from Habituation in that it doesn't involve learning and
animal no longer reacts because animal doesn't perceive stimulus because of physical
process of tiring. Flash bulb example: (physiology) the responsive adjustment of a
sense organ (as the eye) to varying conditions (as of light) Sensory adaptation of
concern for handlers of detection dogs. Motor adaptation occurs when tiring of motor
neurons that command muscles to work.
learned irrelevance - answerAnimal stops responding to stimulus because it has no
consequence (aka pre-exposure effect).
reinforcement - answerincreases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated
conditioning - answerlearning
, consequence - answerresult of behavior
negative - answerremove something from an interaction
positive - answeradd something to an interaction
punishment - answerdecreases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated
Thorndike's First Law of Effect - answerAntecedent / Behavior / Consequence
Principle of Parsimony - answerThe simplest explanation is the most likely explanation,
given no evidence to the contrary.
Premack's Principle - answerGrandma's Law. Eat your veggies and you'll get dessert.
Principle that a less frequently performed behavior can be increased in frequency by
reinforcing it with a more frequent behavior.
Contrast Effect - answer...
Reinforcer Sampling - answer...
Conditioned Stimulus (CS) - answerWill elicit the same response as an unconditioned
stimulus after training has occurred. e.g., bell presented before food. Must be: Easy to
use; preplanned; novel; consistent
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) - answerSomething that always elicits an unconditioned
response. E.g., food (primary reinforcer) causes salivation
Unconditioned Response (UCR) - answere.g., salivation at smell of food
Classical Conditioning - answerProcess of pairing a conditioned stimulus (bell) to an
unconditioned stimulus (food) resulting in a conditioned response (salivation at sound of
bell)
Operant Conditioning / Instrumental Conditioning - answerAntecedent, Behavior,
Consequence
primary reinforcer - answer...
secondary reinforcer / conditioned reinforcer - answer...
latent learning - answerlearning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive
to demonstrate it
unconditioned reinforcer - answer...
positive reinforcement (R+) - answersomething good from animal's perspective added
after target behavior occurs, so behavior increases
negative reinforcement (R-) - answersomething bad from animal's perspective removed
after target behavior occurs, so behavior increases
positive punishment (P+) - answersomething bad from the animal's perspective added
after target behavior occurs, so behavior decreases
negative punishment (P-) - answersomething good from the animal's perspective
removed after target behavior occurs, so behavior decreases
extinction - answerthe diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical
conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (US) does not follow a conditioned
stimulus (CS); occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced
habituation - answerWhen a subject is exposed to a stimulus and the reaction to that
stimulus becomes weaker over time; Occurs most often with stimuli that elicit weak
emotional response
sensitization - answerWhen a subject is exposed to a stimulus and the reaction to that
stimulus becomes stronger over time; Occurs most often with stimuli that elicit intense
emotional responses
adaptation - answerDifferent from Habituation in that it doesn't involve learning and
animal no longer reacts because animal doesn't perceive stimulus because of physical
process of tiring. Flash bulb example: (physiology) the responsive adjustment of a
sense organ (as the eye) to varying conditions (as of light) Sensory adaptation of
concern for handlers of detection dogs. Motor adaptation occurs when tiring of motor
neurons that command muscles to work.
learned irrelevance - answerAnimal stops responding to stimulus because it has no
consequence (aka pre-exposure effect).
reinforcement - answerincreases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated
conditioning - answerlearning
, consequence - answerresult of behavior
negative - answerremove something from an interaction
positive - answeradd something to an interaction
punishment - answerdecreases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated
Thorndike's First Law of Effect - answerAntecedent / Behavior / Consequence
Principle of Parsimony - answerThe simplest explanation is the most likely explanation,
given no evidence to the contrary.
Premack's Principle - answerGrandma's Law. Eat your veggies and you'll get dessert.
Principle that a less frequently performed behavior can be increased in frequency by
reinforcing it with a more frequent behavior.
Contrast Effect - answer...
Reinforcer Sampling - answer...
Conditioned Stimulus (CS) - answerWill elicit the same response as an unconditioned
stimulus after training has occurred. e.g., bell presented before food. Must be: Easy to
use; preplanned; novel; consistent
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) - answerSomething that always elicits an unconditioned
response. E.g., food (primary reinforcer) causes salivation
Unconditioned Response (UCR) - answere.g., salivation at smell of food
Classical Conditioning - answerProcess of pairing a conditioned stimulus (bell) to an
unconditioned stimulus (food) resulting in a conditioned response (salivation at sound of
bell)
Operant Conditioning / Instrumental Conditioning - answerAntecedent, Behavior,
Consequence
primary reinforcer - answer...
secondary reinforcer / conditioned reinforcer - answer...
latent learning - answerlearning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive
to demonstrate it
unconditioned reinforcer - answer...
