BGZ2022
DE CONTINUÏTEIT VAN HET LEVEN
Samenvatting van alle colleges en taken
1
,INHOUDSOPGAVE
Introductiecollege .......................................................................................................................................... 4
Casus 1: DNA en RNA ...................................................................................................................................... 6
Presentaties ......................................................................................................................................................... 8
Structuur van DNA: de verschillende niveaus ................................................................................................. 8
Chapter 5: DNA en chromosomen ..................................................................................................................... 10
De structuur van DNA.................................................................................................................................... 10
De structuur van eukaryotische chromosomen ............................................................................................ 14
De regulatie van chromosoomstructuur ....................................................................................................... 23
Essentiële concepten ..................................................................................................................................... 28
College: de structuur en organisatie van DNA (deel 1) Jos Broers .................................................................. 30
Casus 2: DNA-replicatie ................................................................................................................................ 44
Presentaties ....................................................................................................................................................... 47
Replicatie ....................................................................................................................................................... 47
Mutaties ........................................................................................................................................................ 48
Chapter 6: DNA replicatie, herstel en recombinatie .......................................................................................... 50
DNA-replicatie ............................................................................................................................................... 50
DNA herstel ................................................................................................................................................... 62
Essential concepts ......................................................................................................................................... 71
College: DNA (deel 2) J. Broers ...................................................................................................................... 72
Casus 3: transcriptie ..................................................................................................................................... 82
Presentaties ....................................................................................................................................................... 84
Transcriptie.................................................................................................................................................... 84
RNA-processing ............................................................................................................................................. 85
Chapter 7: van DNA naar eiwit: hoe cellen het genoom lezen .......................................................................... 87
Van DNA naar RNA: transcriptie ................................................................................................................... 87
Chapter 8: controle van genexpressie ............................................................................................................. 104
College: genen en transcriptie Jos Broers .................................................................................................... 106
College: controle van genexpressie Jos Broers ............................................................................................ 115
Casus 4: opbouw van cellen ........................................................................................................................ 130
Chapter 1: de fundamentele units van leven ................................................................................................... 132
De prokaryotische cel .................................................................................................................................. 132
Eukaryoten .................................................................................................................................................. 134
Casus 5: translatie ...................................................................................................................................... 145
Chapter 7: van DNA naar eiwit ........................................................................................................................ 148
Van RNA naar eiwit...................................................................................................................................... 148
Chapter 8: controle van genexpressie ............................................................................................................. 162
Overzicht van genexpressie ......................................................................................................................... 163
Hoe transcriptionele switches werken ........................................................................................................ 164
De moleculaire mechanismen die gespecialiseerde celtypes creëren ........................................................ 168
Post-transcriptionele controle .................................................................................................................... 174
Essential concepts ....................................................................................................................................... 175
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, College: Eiwitsyntese & mRNA translatie J. van Tilburg ............................................................................... 177
Casus 6: eiwittransport ............................................................................................................................... 189
Pathway v.e. lysosomaal eiwit..................................................................................................................... 190
Pathway v.e. nucleair eiwit ......................................................................................................................... 191
Presentaties ..................................................................................................................................................... 192
Transport van een eiwit naar het lysosoom ................................................................................................ 192
Chapter 4: eiwitstructuur en functie ................................................................................................................ 194
De vorm en structuur van eiwitten ............................................................................................................. 194
Chapter 15: Intracellulaire compartimenten en eiwittransport ...................................................................... 197
Protein sorting ............................................................................................................................................. 197
Vesikel-transport ......................................................................................................................................... 207
Secretoire pathways .................................................................................................................................... 211
Endocytische pathway ................................................................................................................................. 215
College: Celsignalering & Cellulair transport en eiwitsortering Jonathan van Tilburg................................... 216
Casus 7: de celcyclus ................................................................................................................................... 227
Chapter 18: de celdelingscyclus ....................................................................................................................... 230
Overzicht v.d. celcyclus ............................................................................................................................... 230
Het celcyclus controlesysteem .................................................................................................................... 232
G1-fase ........................................................................................................................................................ 236
S-fase ........................................................................................................................................................... 240
M-fase ......................................................................................................................................................... 241
Mitose ......................................................................................................................................................... 243
College: celcyclus en regulering J. van Tilburg ............................................................................................. 252
3
DE CONTINUÏTEIT VAN HET LEVEN
Samenvatting van alle colleges en taken
1
,INHOUDSOPGAVE
Introductiecollege .......................................................................................................................................... 4
Casus 1: DNA en RNA ...................................................................................................................................... 6
Presentaties ......................................................................................................................................................... 8
Structuur van DNA: de verschillende niveaus ................................................................................................. 8
Chapter 5: DNA en chromosomen ..................................................................................................................... 10
De structuur van DNA.................................................................................................................................... 10
De structuur van eukaryotische chromosomen ............................................................................................ 14
De regulatie van chromosoomstructuur ....................................................................................................... 23
Essentiële concepten ..................................................................................................................................... 28
College: de structuur en organisatie van DNA (deel 1) Jos Broers .................................................................. 30
Casus 2: DNA-replicatie ................................................................................................................................ 44
Presentaties ....................................................................................................................................................... 47
Replicatie ....................................................................................................................................................... 47
Mutaties ........................................................................................................................................................ 48
Chapter 6: DNA replicatie, herstel en recombinatie .......................................................................................... 50
DNA-replicatie ............................................................................................................................................... 50
DNA herstel ................................................................................................................................................... 62
Essential concepts ......................................................................................................................................... 71
College: DNA (deel 2) J. Broers ...................................................................................................................... 72
Casus 3: transcriptie ..................................................................................................................................... 82
Presentaties ....................................................................................................................................................... 84
Transcriptie.................................................................................................................................................... 84
RNA-processing ............................................................................................................................................. 85
Chapter 7: van DNA naar eiwit: hoe cellen het genoom lezen .......................................................................... 87
Van DNA naar RNA: transcriptie ................................................................................................................... 87
Chapter 8: controle van genexpressie ............................................................................................................. 104
College: genen en transcriptie Jos Broers .................................................................................................... 106
College: controle van genexpressie Jos Broers ............................................................................................ 115
Casus 4: opbouw van cellen ........................................................................................................................ 130
Chapter 1: de fundamentele units van leven ................................................................................................... 132
De prokaryotische cel .................................................................................................................................. 132
Eukaryoten .................................................................................................................................................. 134
Casus 5: translatie ...................................................................................................................................... 145
Chapter 7: van DNA naar eiwit ........................................................................................................................ 148
Van RNA naar eiwit...................................................................................................................................... 148
Chapter 8: controle van genexpressie ............................................................................................................. 162
Overzicht van genexpressie ......................................................................................................................... 163
Hoe transcriptionele switches werken ........................................................................................................ 164
De moleculaire mechanismen die gespecialiseerde celtypes creëren ........................................................ 168
Post-transcriptionele controle .................................................................................................................... 174
Essential concepts ....................................................................................................................................... 175
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, College: Eiwitsyntese & mRNA translatie J. van Tilburg ............................................................................... 177
Casus 6: eiwittransport ............................................................................................................................... 189
Pathway v.e. lysosomaal eiwit..................................................................................................................... 190
Pathway v.e. nucleair eiwit ......................................................................................................................... 191
Presentaties ..................................................................................................................................................... 192
Transport van een eiwit naar het lysosoom ................................................................................................ 192
Chapter 4: eiwitstructuur en functie ................................................................................................................ 194
De vorm en structuur van eiwitten ............................................................................................................. 194
Chapter 15: Intracellulaire compartimenten en eiwittransport ...................................................................... 197
Protein sorting ............................................................................................................................................. 197
Vesikel-transport ......................................................................................................................................... 207
Secretoire pathways .................................................................................................................................... 211
Endocytische pathway ................................................................................................................................. 215
College: Celsignalering & Cellulair transport en eiwitsortering Jonathan van Tilburg................................... 216
Casus 7: de celcyclus ................................................................................................................................... 227
Chapter 18: de celdelingscyclus ....................................................................................................................... 230
Overzicht v.d. celcyclus ............................................................................................................................... 230
Het celcyclus controlesysteem .................................................................................................................... 232
G1-fase ........................................................................................................................................................ 236
S-fase ........................................................................................................................................................... 240
M-fase ......................................................................................................................................................... 241
Mitose ......................................................................................................................................................... 243
College: celcyclus en regulering J. van Tilburg ............................................................................................. 252
3
