NURS 420 Exam 1 Questions with 100% Correct Answers 2024/2025

NURS 420 Exam 1 Questions with 100% Correct Answers 2024/2025 The nurse is assessing the respiratory system of a newborn. Which anatomic differences place the infant at risk for respiratory compromise? Select all that apply. a. The nasal passages are narrower. b. The trachea and chest wall are less compliant. c. The bronchi and bronchioles are shorter and wider. d. The larynx is more funnel-shaped. e. The tongue is smaller. f. There are significantly fewer alveoli. - answerAnswers: -The nasal passages are narrower -The larynx is more funnel-shaped -There are significantly fewer alveoli Rationale: In comparison with the adult, in the infant, the nasal passages are narrower, the trachea and chest wall are more compliant, the bronchi and bronchioles are shorter and narrower, the larynx is more funnel-shaped, the tongue is larger, and there are significantly fewer alveoli. These anatomic differences place the infant at higher risk for respiratory compromise. The respiratory system does not reach adult levels of maturity until about 7 years of age. At which age would the nurse expect to find the beginning of object permanence? a. 1 month b. 6 months c. 9 months d. 12 months - answerAnswer: 6 months Rationale: Object permanence begins to develop between 4 and 7 months of age and is solidified by approximately age 8 months. By age 12 months, the infant knows he or she is separate from the parent or caregiver. The nurse caring for newborns knows that infants exhibit phenomenal increases in their gross motor skills over the first 12 months of life. Which statements accurately describe the typical infant's achievement of these milestones? Select all that apply. a. At 1 month, the infant lifts and turns the head to the side in the prone position. b. At 2 months, the infant rolls from supine to prone to back again. c. At 6 months, the infant pulls to stand up. d. At 7 months, the infant sits alone with some use of hands for support. e. At 9 months, the infant crawls with the abdomen off the floor. f. At 12 months, the infant walks independently. - answerAnswers: a. At 1 month, the infant lifts and turns the head to the side in the prone position. d. At 7 months, the infant sits alone with some use of hands for support. e. At 9 months, the infant crawls with the abdomen off the floor. f. At 12 months, the infant walks independently. Rationale: At 1 month, the infant lifts and turns the head to the side in the prone position. At 7 months, the infant sits alone with some use of hands for support. At 9 months, the infant crawls with the abdomen off the floor. At 12 months, the infant walks independently. At 4 months, the infant lifts the head and looks around. At 10 months, the infant pulls to stand up. The nurse observes an infant interacting with his parents. What are normal social behavioral developments for this age group? Select all that apply. a. Around 5 months, the infant may develop stranger anxiety. b. Around 2 months, the infant exhibits a first real smile. c. Around 3 months, the infant smiles widely and gurgles when interacting with the caregiver. d. Around 3 months, the infant will mimic the parent's facial movements, such as sticking out the tongue. e. Around 3 to 6 months of age, the infant may enjoy socially interactive games such as patty- cake and peek-a-boo. f. Separation anxiety may also start in the last few months of infancy. - answerAnswers: b. Around 2 months, the infant exhibits a first real smile. c. Around 3 months, the infant smiles widely and gurgles when interacting with the caregiver. d. Around 3 months, the infant will mimic the parent's facial movements, such as sticking out the tongue. f. Separation anxiety may also start in the last few months of infancy. Rationale: The infant exhibits a first real smile at age 2 months. By about 3 months of age, the infant will start an interaction with a caregiver by smiling widely and possibly gurgling. The 3- to 4-month-old will also mimic the parent's facial movements, such as widening the eyes and sticking out the tongue. Separation anxiety may also start in the last few months of infancy. Around the age of 8 months, the infant may develop stranger anxiety. At 6 to 8 months of age, the infant may enjoy socially interactive games such as patty-cake and peek-a-boo. A new mother shows the nurse that her baby grasps her finger when she touches the baby's palm. How might the nurse respond to this information? a. "This is a primitive reflex known as the plantar grasp." b. "This is a primitive reflex known as the palmar grasp." c. "This is a protective reflex known as rooting." d. "This is a protective reflex known as the Moro reflex." - answerAnswer: "This is a primitive reflex known as the palmar grasp." Primitive reflexes are subcortical and involve a whole-body response. Selected primitive reflexes present at birth include Moro, root, suck, asymmetric tonic neck, plantar and palmar grasp, step, and Babinski. During the palmar grasp, the infant reflexively grasps when the palm is touched. The plantar grasp occurs when the infant reflexively grasps with the bottom of the foot when pressure is applied to the plantar surface. The root reflex occurs when the infant's cheek is stroked and the infant turns to that side, searching with mouth. The Moro reflex is displayed when with sudden extension of the head, the arms abduct and move upward and the hands form a "C." Which reflex, if found in a 4-month-old infant, would cause the nurse to be concerned? a. Plantar grasp b. Step c. Babinski d. Neck righting - answerAnswer: Step Rationale: Appropriate appearance and disappearance of primitive reflexes, along with the development of protective reflexes, indicates a healthy neurologic system. The step reflex is a primitive reflex that appears at birth and disappears at 4 to 8 weeks of age. The plantar grasp reflex is a primitive reflex that appears at birth and disappears at about the age of 9 months. The Babinski reflex is a primitive reflex that appears at birth and disappears around the age of 12 months. The neck righting reflex is a protective reflex that appears around the age of 4 to 6 months and persists.