NUR283 TRANSITIONS ALL COMPS EXAM NEWEST
2024 ACTUAL EXAM 240 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+
distribution/composition of body fluids - ANSWER >>>- 2/3 of body
fluid is ICF
- 1/3 of body fluid is ECF: interstitial (80%) and intravascular (20%)
diffusion - ANSWER >>>- solute moves from area of higher to lower
concentration
- membrane must be permeable
osmosis - ANSWER >>>movement of water across a semi-permeable
membrane from lower solute to higher solute concentration
What is the most abundant plasma protein? - ANSWER >>>serum
albumin (70%)
osmotic pressure - ANSWER >>>- develops when 2 solutions are
separated by a selectively permeable membrane
- controls movement between extracellular and intracellular space
- the pulling force for water
What does a high osmotic pressure mean? - ANSWER >>>- there is a
high solute concentration
- the greater the concentration of a solution, the greater the osmotic
pressure and the greater tendency for water to move into solution
,osmolality - ANSWER >>>concentration of a solution (solute/kg of
water)
osmolarity - ANSWER >>>concentration of a solution (solute/L of a
solution)
True or False: osmolarity is affected by plasma proteins albumin and
electrolytes. - ANSWER >>>True
normal serum osmolality range - ANSWER >>>275-295 mOsm/L
What the major solute that contributes to plasma osmolality? -
ANSWER >>>sodium
hydrostatic pressure - ANSWER >>>pushing force of a fluid against
the walls of the space it occupies
What regulates fluid intake? - ANSWER >>>hypothalamus
kidneys - ANSWER >>>primary regulator of fluid and electrolyte
balance; influences by osmolality and hormones
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) - ANSWER >>>- released in response to
osmolality increase (loss of fluids)
- prevents diuresis, decreased urine output, water stays in the system
What initiates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism? -
ANSWER >>>a decreased renal perfusion/decreased ECF volume,
and low blood pressure
Describe the process of the RAAM. - ANSWER >>>in response to a
decreased ECF/dec BP..
- renin to angiotensin I: vasoconstriction
- angiotensin I to angio II: vasoconstriction, increased blood flow to
kidneys, increased reabsorption of Na and H2O in the kidneys
- Angio II stimulates aldosterone which also promotes Na and H2O
reabsorption
, - net result: increased blood volume and renal perfusion
In decreased renal perfusion what is the fluid status? - ANSWER
>>>low (hypovolemia)
ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) - ANSWER >>>- secreted from atrial
cells in heart in response to atrial stretching, increase in blood volume
- acts as a diuretic that causes sodium loss and inhibits the thirst
mechanism
- increased urine output
If ANP secreted what is the fluid status? - ANSWER >>>FVE/overload
Isotonic - ANSWER >>>same osmotic pressure as body fluids
FVD/hypovolemia - ANSWER >>>inadequate intake of fluid loss, loss
of fluids leading to diarrhea/vomiting, diaphoresis, blood loss
Hypo-osmolar/hypotonic - ANSWER >>>abnormal decrease in the
osmolality of body fluids
Hyper-osmolar/hypertonic - ANSWER >>>abnormal increase in the
osmolality of body fluids
isotonic FVD - ANSWER >>>Water & lytes lost in equal amounts
which is hypovolemia
Hyper-osmolar FVD - ANSWER >>>dehydration, serum osmolality
elevated, high sodium, solute can be gained in excess water; water
loss exceeds Na loss
Fluid Volume Overload/hypervolemia/ FVE - ANSWER >>>Excess
fluid volume dilutes solutes (hemodilution), cardiac, liver, renal,
edema, crackles, dyspnea, distended neck vessels, bounding pulses,
weight gain
Third spacing - ANSWER >>>causes: major trauma, burns, surgery
2024 ACTUAL EXAM 240 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+
distribution/composition of body fluids - ANSWER >>>- 2/3 of body
fluid is ICF
- 1/3 of body fluid is ECF: interstitial (80%) and intravascular (20%)
diffusion - ANSWER >>>- solute moves from area of higher to lower
concentration
- membrane must be permeable
osmosis - ANSWER >>>movement of water across a semi-permeable
membrane from lower solute to higher solute concentration
What is the most abundant plasma protein? - ANSWER >>>serum
albumin (70%)
osmotic pressure - ANSWER >>>- develops when 2 solutions are
separated by a selectively permeable membrane
- controls movement between extracellular and intracellular space
- the pulling force for water
What does a high osmotic pressure mean? - ANSWER >>>- there is a
high solute concentration
- the greater the concentration of a solution, the greater the osmotic
pressure and the greater tendency for water to move into solution
,osmolality - ANSWER >>>concentration of a solution (solute/kg of
water)
osmolarity - ANSWER >>>concentration of a solution (solute/L of a
solution)
True or False: osmolarity is affected by plasma proteins albumin and
electrolytes. - ANSWER >>>True
normal serum osmolality range - ANSWER >>>275-295 mOsm/L
What the major solute that contributes to plasma osmolality? -
ANSWER >>>sodium
hydrostatic pressure - ANSWER >>>pushing force of a fluid against
the walls of the space it occupies
What regulates fluid intake? - ANSWER >>>hypothalamus
kidneys - ANSWER >>>primary regulator of fluid and electrolyte
balance; influences by osmolality and hormones
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) - ANSWER >>>- released in response to
osmolality increase (loss of fluids)
- prevents diuresis, decreased urine output, water stays in the system
What initiates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism? -
ANSWER >>>a decreased renal perfusion/decreased ECF volume,
and low blood pressure
Describe the process of the RAAM. - ANSWER >>>in response to a
decreased ECF/dec BP..
- renin to angiotensin I: vasoconstriction
- angiotensin I to angio II: vasoconstriction, increased blood flow to
kidneys, increased reabsorption of Na and H2O in the kidneys
- Angio II stimulates aldosterone which also promotes Na and H2O
reabsorption
, - net result: increased blood volume and renal perfusion
In decreased renal perfusion what is the fluid status? - ANSWER
>>>low (hypovolemia)
ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) - ANSWER >>>- secreted from atrial
cells in heart in response to atrial stretching, increase in blood volume
- acts as a diuretic that causes sodium loss and inhibits the thirst
mechanism
- increased urine output
If ANP secreted what is the fluid status? - ANSWER >>>FVE/overload
Isotonic - ANSWER >>>same osmotic pressure as body fluids
FVD/hypovolemia - ANSWER >>>inadequate intake of fluid loss, loss
of fluids leading to diarrhea/vomiting, diaphoresis, blood loss
Hypo-osmolar/hypotonic - ANSWER >>>abnormal decrease in the
osmolality of body fluids
Hyper-osmolar/hypertonic - ANSWER >>>abnormal increase in the
osmolality of body fluids
isotonic FVD - ANSWER >>>Water & lytes lost in equal amounts
which is hypovolemia
Hyper-osmolar FVD - ANSWER >>>dehydration, serum osmolality
elevated, high sodium, solute can be gained in excess water; water
loss exceeds Na loss
Fluid Volume Overload/hypervolemia/ FVE - ANSWER >>>Excess
fluid volume dilutes solutes (hemodilution), cardiac, liver, renal,
edema, crackles, dyspnea, distended neck vessels, bounding pulses,
weight gain
Third spacing - ANSWER >>>causes: major trauma, burns, surgery
