PSYC 1010 Test 1 Questions With Correct Answers!!

What is Psychology? - Answer-The scientific study of behavior and mental processes Pseudopsychologies - Answer-are unreliable approaches that do not use the scientific method examples: Astrology, Palmistry, Psychokinesis, Follicology Psychology's Four Goals - Answer-Description: tells "what" occurred Explanation: tells "why" a behavior or mental process occurred Prediction: identifies conditions "under which a future behavior or mental process is likely to occur" Change: applies psychological knowledge to prevent unwanted behavior or to bring about desired goals Wilhelm Wundt: - Answer-father of psychology" Leipzig, Germany 1879 Structuralism: - Answer-sought to identify the basic building blocks, or structures, of the mind through introspection (Wundt and Titchener key leaders) Functionalism - Answer-studied how the mind functions to adapt organisms to their environment (William James key leader) Behavioral perspective: - Answer-objective, observable environmental influences on overt behavior (Watson, Pavlov, and Skinner were leaders) Humanist perspective: - Answer-free will, self-actualization, and a positive, growth-seeking human nature (Rogers and Maslow were key figures) Cognitive perspective: - Answer-thought, perception, and information processingNeuroscience/ Biopsychology perspective - Answer-genetics and other biological processes in the brain and other parts of the nervous system Evolutionary: - Answer-natural selection, adaptation, and evolution Sociocultural: - Answer-social interaction and cultural determinants "Sociobiology" Gestalt psychology - Answer-emphasized perception; the notion that the whole is more than the sum of the parts (Wertheimer) Psychoanalytic view - Answer-emphasizes the unconscious mind (Freud) Behaviorism - Answer-focuses on objective and measurable behaviors (Watson/Skinner) Humanistic psychology - Answer-hasizes the inner-self and the importance of subjective feelings (Maslow) Cognitive psychology - Answer-focuses on mental function and reasoning (Ebbinghaus) Basic research - Answer-seeks answers for theoretical questions E.g. How is hunger controlled by the brain? Applied research - Answer-seeks answers for specific application problems E.g. Organizational psychology studies leadership, job satisfaction, job training, and development Rights of Human research participants - Answer-Confidentiality, Informed consent, Deception, Freedom to withdraw, DebriefingExperimental Research - Answer-carefully controlled scientific procedure that manipulates variables to determine cause and effect Ethnocentrism: - Answer-believing one's culture is typical of all cultures Naturalistic observation - Answer-refers to the systematic recording of data in a subjects natural state or habitat: Jane Goodall observing apes in the wild Surveys - Answer-are written instruments designed to sample attitudes or behaviors Case study - Answer-refers to an in-depth study of a single person or subject